Fractal structure of digital speckle patterns produced by rough surfaces

We report on the fractal analysis of digital speckle patterns experimentally generated using an optical setup to record the light scattered from metallic rough surfaces in the normal direction. Using the differential box counting technique, we have calculated the fractal dimension of digital speckle patterns for six samples with different roughness. Our results show a quadratic dependence between the surface roughness and the fractal dimension of the corresponding digital speckle pattern. As an application a method to determine the surface roughness of metallic surfaces is proposed.     

Passive IR field gradient detection of thermal objects in active Fresnel zones

A dual element Passive-Infrared (PIR) sensor is used with a rotating slit aperture to map a narrow scanning beam on the sensing elements through each lens of a Fresnel lens array. The stimuli generated due to each thermal object fall in the active Fresnel zones in a certain direction based on their locations and temperature variations on the surfaces of the sources. These signals are used to analyze the signatures of stationary thermal objects, their slight movements and thermal field gradient changes of the source surfaces provided the object projected area is less than the area of the active zone. Pattern matching is performed using Dynamic-Time-Warping (DTW) algorithm on STFT reduced length time vectors. The object space is divided into m-active zones that correspond to the Fresnel zones in a Fresnel lens array. Within passive IR region from each of the active zones, the system identifies not only the heat intensity changes but also detects the slight movement of the thermal source. The efficiency of the system is dependent on the number of active Fresnel zones and the angular separation between them. This single node PIR sensor system is designed to cover an angular view of ∼10° × 80° while horizontal Field of View (FOV) is divided into 4 active Fresnel zones. Generally costly Thermal-IR camera is used for thermal analysis. Our system is comparatively less costly and active coverage zones are easily configurable by increasing number of Fresnel lenses.     

Optimal design of FIR beamformer with frequency invariant patterns

Two approaches to the optimal design of FIR beamformers with frequency invariant patterns using second-order cone programming (SOCP) are proposed. The first approach is a two-step method, which is implemented via separately optimal array pattern synthesis and optimal FIR filters design. The array weights for each frequency bin within the working frequency band are designed to insure that the array patterns approximate the reference ones. And the FIR filter corresponding to each sensor is designed to insure that the frequency responses approximate the array weights. The second approach is a direct method, in which the beam response is expressed as a linear function of FIR filter tap weights and the filters are designed by jointly optimizing the spatial and frequency responses to achieve the desired array patterns. All the optimal design problems (array pattern synthesis, FIR filter design and joint optimization) are formulated as the SOCP, which can be solved efficiently using the well-developed interior-point methods. Results of computer simulations and lake experiment for a twelve-element semicircular array confirm satisfactory performance of the two approaches proposed in this paper.     

我国江淮和黄淮地区强对流过程的基本特征

中国江淮和黄淮地区是强对流天气多发区域,利用2010-2012年（4-10月）常规观测资料和再分析资料,对江淮和黄淮地区（30°N~37°N,110°E~122°E）发生的418个强对流天气过程进行了统计分析,得到该地区强对流发生的时空特征、典型环境背景以及对流关键参数的统计特征.统计发现,江淮和黄淮地区强对流天气主要发生在6-9月,8月最多,呈单峰型.空间上,江淮和黄淮地区有明显的3块强对流多发区域,分别是山东泰山周边地区、东部平原地区、大别山和黄山一带,其中发生在东部平原区域的强对流过程所占比例最高,达到了35.3%.从日变化来看,强对流主要发生在15：00-21：00（LST,下同）,其次是06：00-09：00,呈双峰型,并且在空间走势上从早至晚呈自西北向东南的发展规律.根据500 hPa形势场将个例分成低槽型、副高型、冷涡型、台风型4大类,其中低槽型284例,副高型101例,冷涡型16例,台风型17例.由探空数据统计发现,副高型水汽更多集中在边界层低层,而台风型水汽更多分布在深厚的对流层中,低槽型水汽条件适中,冷涡型最小且抬升凝结高度最高;副高型最不稳定,低槽型适中,冷涡型不稳定度最低.通过与已有研究对比,本研究区域的强对流过程潜在不稳定度较小,但具有较湿的环境场.     

Centrality and energy dependence of rapidity correlation patterns in relativistic heavy ion collisions

The centrality and energy dependence of rapidity correlation patterns are studied in Au+Au collisions by using AMPT with string melting,RQMD and UrQMD models.The behaviors of the shortrange correlation(SRC)and the long-range correlation(LRC)are presented clearly by two spatial-position dependent correlation patterns.For centrality dependence.UrQMD and RQMD give similar results as those in AMPT,i.,e., in most central collisions,the correlation structure is flatter and the correlation range is larger,which indicates a long range rapidity correlation.A long range rapidity correlation showing up in RQMD and UrQMD implies that patton interaction is not the only source of long range rapidity correlations.For energy dependence,AMPT with string melting and RQMD show quite different results.The correlation patterns in RQMD at low collision energies and those in AMPT at high collision energies have similar structures,i.e.aconvex curve.while the correlation patterns in RQMD at high collision energies and those in AMPT at low collision energies show fiat structures,having no position dependence.Long range rapidity correlation presents itself at high energy and disappears at low energy in RQMD,which also indicates that long range rapidity correlations may come from some trivial effects,rather than the parton interactions.     

Ordinal Pattern Dependence in the Context of Long-Range Dependence

Ordinal pattern dependence is a multivariate dependence measure based on the co-movement of two time series. In strong connection to ordinal time series analysis, the ordinal information is taken into account to derive robust results on the dependence between the two processes. This article deals with ordinal pattern dependence for a long-range dependent time series including mixed cases of short- and long-range dependence. We investigate the limit distributions for estimators of ordinal pattern dependence. In doing so, we point out the differences that arise for the underlying time series having different dependence structures. Depending on these assumptions, central and non-central limit theorems are proven. The limit distributions for the latter ones can be included in the class of multivariate Rosenblatt processes. Finally, a simulation study is provided to illustrate our theoretical findings.     

Computer simulations of the growth of breath figures

We describe computer simulations of the growth of breath figures, the patterns formed when droplets condense on a cold surface. The focus is on the coalescence of droplets, which is an important growth mechanism, and the conditions for self-similar patterns, which are experimentally observed. It is assumed that individual droplets grow according to a power law; droplets that touch coalesce instantly and are replaced by a new droplet at the center of gravity of the coalescing pair. The average droplet radius, distribution of droplet sizes, surface coverage, and radial distribution function are determined as a function of the time for a variety of initial coverages and polydispersities. These quantities are compared to those determined by experiment, and our simple model is found to be in good accord with the observed behavior. It is observed that the process of coalescence induces spatial correlation between droplets.This paper is dedicated to Howard Reiss on his 66th birthday.     

Recoupled Polarization Transfer Heteronuclear H–C Multiple-Quantum Correlation in Solids under Ultra-fast MAS

A new approach for high-resolution solid-state heteronuclear multiple-quantum MAS NMR spectroscopy of dipolar-coupled spin- nuclei is introduced. The method is a heteronuclear chemical shift correlation technique of abundant spins, like ¹H with rare spins, like ¹³C in natural abundance. High resolution is provided by ultra-fast MAS and high magnetic fields, high sensitivity being ensured by a direct polarization transfer from the abundant protons to ¹³C. In a rotor-synchronized variant, the method can be used to probe heteronuclear through-space proximities, while the heteronuclear dipolar coupling constant can quantitatively be determined by measuring multiple-quantum spinning-sideband patterns. By means of recoupling, even weak heteronuclear dipolar interactions are accessible. The capabilities of the technique are demonstrated by measurements on crystalline -tyrosine hydrochloride salt.     

基于J2EE的数字校园系统架构研究

数字化校园建设已经成为目前高等院校发展信息化建设的一个重要目标,针对构建一个稳定、灵活、安全的数字校园系统提出了一个基于J2EE的数字校园系统架构解决方案.     

基于混沌吸引子形态特性的两相流流型分类方法研究

利用高灵敏度差压传感器，在垂直上升管中采集到了80组气液两相流差压波动信号.利用放置参考截面的方法，建立了描述混沌吸引子形态的一般方法，在此基础上，提出了不同维数下的吸引子形态特征量进行组合的气液两相流流型分类新方法.研究结果表明：该方法对包括复杂过渡流型在内的气液两相流流型有很好分类效果，预示着混沌吸引子形态描述是研究非线性时间序列的实用有效途径. 关键词： 气液两相流 流型分类 吸引子形态 混合维