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61.
在基于被动式束流配送系统的分层适形重离子治疗当中,需要利用微型脊形过滤器(mini ridge filter,mini-RF)将单能重离子束Bragg峰展宽为峰区近似高斯分布的微小展宽峰(mini spread-out Bragg peak,mini-SOBP),从而达到减少照射分层数及照射时间的目的。采用较宽的mini-SOBP可以有效减少照射分层数,但会增大展宽Bragg峰(SOBP)远端剂量跌落距离,增加对靶区后方正常组织或危及器官的辐照剂量。这一问题可以通过双mini-SOBP的组合照射方法来解决。使用2种mini-RF对单能重离子束Bragg峰略微展宽得到2种半高宽(FWHM)且剂量分布近似高斯分布的mini-SOBP,通过基于放射生物学模型的剂量优化,证实了在SOBP平顶区按生物有效剂量均匀和物理吸收剂量均匀的展宽情况下,双mini-SOBP组合照射方法均可以在减少照射分层数的同时较大幅度地减小SOBP远端剂量跌落距离。In layer-stacking conformal heavy-ion therapy based on passive beam delivery system,it is necessary to minimize the layer numbers and reduce irradiation time for layer-stacking conformal heavy-ion therapy.Gaussian shaped mini spread-out Bragg peaks (mini-SOBP) were generated by mini ridge filters (mini-RF) for monoenergetic heavy ion beams.It is effective to minimize the layer number by using mini-SOBPs with the bigger full width at the half maximum (FWHM),but in this way the distal dose fall-off distance of a spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) will be enlarged,increasing the radiation damage to normal tissue or organ at risk behind the target volume.This issue could be solved by using mini-SOBPs based combinatorial irradiation method.In this study,Gaussian shaped mini-SOBPs with two different FWHMs were generated by two different mini-RFs for monoenergetic heavy ion beams.Based on radiobiological model calculations and dose optimizations,the mini-SOBPs based combinatorial irradiation method was confirmed to reduce the distal dose fall-off distances of SOBPs while minimizing the layer numbers for layer-stacking conformal heavy-ion therapy. 相似文献
62.
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64.
拓扑群在连续统上的膨胀作用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文把一个同胚的膨胀作用推广到拓扑群的情形,并研究了有限生成离散群 的膨胀作用,得到了如下结果:Z×Z不能膨胀地作用在单位闭区间I上,而自由积 Z★Z可以膨胀地作用在I上. 相似文献
65.
S.E. Rodabaugh 《Fuzzy Sets and Systems》1985,15(3):285-310
Recently E. Sanchez has given a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a solution of a fuzzy , with 1 the extension of a given binary operation in the universe of discourse.Using many valued logic we generalize this result and get a characterization also of the cases if has only nearly a solution.Additionally, we consider fuzzy relation equations and get similar results. 相似文献
66.
An (F)-spaceE is said to be locally midpoint constricted (in short, Imp-constricted) if there exists some>0 such thatD(A/2) <D(A) for every subsetA ofE with 0<D(A), whereD(A) denotes the diameter ofA. Our main result goes as follow: LetE be an Imp-constricted (F)-space andU an open connected subset ofE. Assume thatT:U F is an isometry (i.e., a distance-preserving map) which mapsU onto an open subset of the (F)-spaceF. ThenT can be extended to an affine homeomorphism fromE toF. Also, some other results about the question whether each isometry between two (F)-spaces is affine are obtained. 相似文献
67.
Adam H. Lewenberg 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》1996,124(9):2839-2844
If is continuous and locally injective, then is in fact surjective and a homeomorphism, provided is definable in an o-minimal expansion without poles of the ordered additive group of real numbers; `without poles' means that every one-variable definable function is locally bounded. Some general properties of definable maps in o-minimal expansions of ordered abelian groups without poles are also established.
68.
We investigate the homotopy type of
(M)/TOP(M), where M is a compact manifold, TOP(M) is the simplicial group of homeomorphisms of M which restrict to the identity on ∂M, and
is the simplicial group of block homeomorphisms of M which restrict to the identity on ∂M. In the so-called topological concordance stable range of M, we obtain an expression in terms of the topological Whitehead spectrum of M. If M is smooth, we also investigate the homotopy type of
(M)/DIFF(M); in the smooth concordance stable range of M, it has an expression in terms of the smooth Whitehead spectrum of M. 相似文献
69.
Katsuro Sakai 《Topology and its Applications》1984,18(1):69-79
We give a characterization of manifolds modeled on or , where Q is the Hilbert cube, and elementary short proofs of the Open Embedding Theorem for these manifolds and the following theorem generalizing the Stability Theorem: Each fine homotopy equivalence between these manifolds is a near homeomorphism. Moreover we establish the Open Embedding Approximation Theorem. 相似文献
70.
S.E. Rodabaugh 《Fuzzy Sets and Systems》1982,8(1):39-52
Under the hypothesis L is a chain, we construct a binary operation ⊕ on the L-fuzzy real line (L) which reduces to the usual addition on if ⊕ is restricted to the embedded image of in (L), which yields a partially ordered, abelian cancellation semigroup with identity, and which is jointly fuzzy continuous on (L). We show ⊕ is unique, i.e. it is the only extension of addition to (L) which is consistent. We study the relationship between ⊕ and other fuzzy continuous extensions of the usual addition. We also show that fuzzy translation is a weak fuzzy homeomorphism and, under certain conditions, a fuzzy homeomorphism. 相似文献