Template-directed ligation: from DNA towards different versatile templates

A systematic approach evaluating template-directed ligation reactions has now resulted in a simple outline for a two-stage replication cycle. This cycle builds on an efficient method for reading the information encoded in DNA into an amplified translation product. It is further demonstrated that the translation product strand is capable of catalyzing the synthesis of the original DNA strand. We propose that this cycle represents just one of many possible solutions; other chemical ligation or polymerization reactions could be accommodated with different templates. In that context, a new template, derived by modest changes to the DNA backbone, has been developed and has been shown to hybridize under reaction conditions different than those accessible to DNA. Therefore, the conceptual groundwork has been laid for extending this approach to encoding and reading stored information in molecules other than the natural biopolymers at the densities found in biology.     

Cesium chromate,Cs2CrO4: heat capacity and thermodynamic properties from 5 to 350 K

The heat capacity of a sample of Cs₂CrO₄ was determined in the temperature range 5 to 350 K by aneroid adiabatic calorimetry. The heat capacity at constant pressure C_p^o(298.15 K), the entropy S^o(298.15 K), the enthalpy {H^o(298.15 K) - H^o(0)} and the function $\text{? {G}{}^{\mathrm{o}}\text{(298.15}\text{K}\text{) - H}{}^{\mathrm{o}}\text{(0)}}\text{298.15}\text{K}$ were found to be (146.06 ± 0.15) J K^?1 mol^?1, (228.59 ± 0.23) J K^?1 mol^?1, (30161 ± 30) J mol^?1, and (127.43 ± 0.13) J K^?1 mol^?1, respectively. The heat capacity C_p^o(298.15 K) and entropy S^o(298.15 K) and entropy S^o(298.15 K) of Rb₂CrO₄ are estimated to be (146.0 ± 1.0) J K^?1 mol^?1 and (217.6 ± 3.0) J K^?1 mol^?1, respectively.     

关于3-可选平面图的一点注记

图G=（V,E）称为L-可染的,如果对给定的列表L={L（v）：v∈V（G））,存在图G的一个正常染色c,满足c（v）∈L（v）．如果对任何｜L（v）｜≥南的列表,图G都是L-可染的,则称图G为k-可选的．本文我们证明了平面图不含4圈,5圈,7圈和三角形距离小于2是3-可选的．     

冻融循环下导电混凝土压阻效应的稳定性研究

以碳纤维、石墨为导电相材料, 掺入粉煤灰和硅灰制备导电混凝土, 研究了粉煤灰、硅灰的掺量对导电混凝土抗冻融性能的影响, 定义了压阻效应稳定性的指标, 探究了压阻效应稳定性随冻融循环的变化规律, 建立了导电混凝土在冻融循环下的电阻率演化模型和压阻效应稳定性模型. 研究结果表明: 在导电混凝土中加入粉煤灰、硅灰可有效提高其抗冻融能力; 当粉煤灰、硅灰总掺量相同时, 较高掺量的粉煤灰可以提升导电混凝土压阻效应的稳定性.     

Zr－4合金的低周疲劳行为

研究了６２０℃×１ｈ再结晶状态Ｚｒ－４合金在室温（ＲＴ）、４００℃和６００℃下对称拉－压低周疲劳行为，不同温度下Ｚｒ－４合金的循环应力－应变曲线均位于单调拉伸曲线上方，表现为循环硬化特征。疲劳寿命曲线测试结果表明，随着试验温度升高，疲劳寿命降低，特别在低应变幅区域。断口分析表明：ＲＴ下Ｚｒ－４断口形貌以浅的韧窝和辉纹为主；４００　℃下出现了许多二次裂纹；６００℃下则为规则排列的“之”字形裂纹．分别采用Ｃｏｆｆｉｎ－Ｍａｎｓｏｎ法和循环滞回能法估算了Ｚｒ－４的疲劳寿命。     

小扰动下奇异闭轨附近后继函数的光滑性

扰动系统在奇异闭轨附近的后继函数对于判断奇异闭轨分支出极限环的个数、极限环的稳定性和相对位置具有极其重要的作用。通过对Dulac映射及正则映射的光滑性的研究得到结论:具有奇异闭轨的Ck系统在小扰动下奇异闭轨附近的的后继函数为Ck-1的。所得结果简洁,可为以后相关研究工     

Reassignment of the “Forbidden” character in the Ã1B3u-X̃1Ag transitions of pyrazine-d0, 15N and d4

Contours of bands polarized in the plane of the pyrazine (1,4-diazine) molecule are analyzed in greater detail than before (J. Mol. Spectrosc.11, 257 (1963); 21, 66 (1966)). Largely on the basis of simulations of the pyrazine-¹⁵N and d₄ bands, it is concluded that the vibronic transition moment lies not along the line of the nitrogen atoms but perpendicular to that line. The reassignment requires the vibration responsible for the bands to be ν_10a and the electronic transition(s) which loans intensity to be ¹B_2u. It is confirmed from the derived changes of inertial constants that the two nitrogen atoms lie closer together in the ecited state than in the ground state.     

Entrainment Versus Chaos in a Model for a Circadian Oscillator Driven by Light-Dark Cycles

Circadian rhythms occur in nearly all living organisms with a period close to 24 h. These rhythms constitute an important class of biological oscillators which present the characteristic of being naturally subjected to forcing by light-dark (LD) cycles. In order to investigate the conditions in which such a forcing might lead to chaos, we consider a model for a circadian limit cycle oscillator and assess its dynamic behavior when a light-sensitive parameter is periodically forced by LD cycles. We determine as a function of the forcing period and of the amplitude of the light-induced changes in the light-sensitive parameter the occurrence of various modes of dynamic behavior such as quasi-periodicity, entrainment, period-doubling and chaos. The type of oscillatory behavior markedly depends on the forcing waveform; thus the domain of entrainment grows at the expense of the domain of chaos as the forcing function progressively goes from a square wave to a sine wave. Also studied is the dependence of the phase of periodic or aperiodic oscillations on the amplitude of the light-induced changes in the control parameter. The results are discussed with respect to the main physiological role of circadian rhythms which is to allow organisms to adapt to their periodically varying environment by entrainment to the natural LD cycle.     

On two classes of permutations with number-theoretic conditions on the lengths of the cycles

Let Λ be an arbitrary set of positive integers andS _n (Λ) the set of all permutations of degreen for which the lengths of all cycles belong to the set Λ. In the paper the asymptotics of the ratio |S _n (Λ)|/n! asn→∞ is studied in the following cases: 1) Λ is the union of finitely many arithmetic progressions, 2) Λ consists of all positive integers that are not divisible by any number from a given finite set of pairwise coprime positive integers. Here |S _n (Λ)| stands for the number of elements in the finite setS _n (Λ). Translated fromMatematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 62, No. 6, pp. 881–891, December, 1997. Translated by A. I. Shtern     

ON GENERALIZED LIENARD EQUATION AND THE UNIQUENESS OF LIMIT CYCLES IN GAUSS－TYPE PREDATOR－PREY SYSTEM

ＯＮＧＥＮＥＲＡＬＩＺＥＤＬＩＥＮＡＲＤＥＱＵＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＴＨＥＵＮＩＱＵＥＮＥＳＳＯＦＬＩＭＩＴＣＹＣＬＥＳＩＮＧＡＵＳＳ－ＴＹＰＥ　ＰＲＥＤＡＴＯＲ－ＰＲＥＹ　ＳＹＳＴＥＭＳｈａｏＭｉｎｇｈｕａ（邵明华）（ＨａｎｇｚｈｏｕＴｅａｃｈｅｒｓ＇Ｃ...