Quadratic convective flow of radiated nano-Jeffrey liquid subject to multiple convective conditions and Cattaneo-Christov double diffusion

A nonlinear flow of Jeffrey liquid with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux is investigated in the presence of nanoparticles. The features of thermophoretic and Brownian movement are retained. The effects of nonlinear radiation, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), and convective conditions are accounted. The conversion of governing equations into ordinary differential equations is prepared via stretching transformations. The consequent equations are solved using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF) method. Impacts of physical constraints on the liquid velocity, the temperature, and the nanoparticle volume fraction are analyzed through graphical illustrations. It is established that the velocity of the liquid and its associated boundary layer width increase with the mixed convection parameter and the Deborah number.     

一种求解非线性无约束优化问题的充分下降的共轭梯度法

共轭梯度法是一类具有广泛应用的求解大规模无约束优化问题的方法. 提出了一种新的非线性共轭梯度(CG)法,理论分析显示新算法在多种线搜索条件下具有充分下降性. 进一步证明了新CG算法的全局收敛性定理. 最后,进行了大量数值实验,其结果表明与传统的几类CG方法相比,新算法具有更为高效的计算性能.     

A simulation-based analysis of the effect of a reflecting surface on aeroacoustic time-reversal source characterization and comparison with beamforming

This paper presents a simulation-based analysis of the effect of a reflecting surface on aeroacoustic Time-Reversal (TR) source localization/characterization and compares the results of TR with those obtained using cross-spectral Conventional Beamforming (CB). The TR technique is shown to require the use of at least two line arrays of microphones to accurately characterize the nature of aeroacoustic sources. This work, however, shows that in the presence of a rigid surface, only one line array of microphones is sufficient to accurately localize and characterize idealized aeroacoustic sources. Forward simulations were carried out using the 2-D Linearized Euler Equations on a rectangular domain with a rigid bottom boundary (modeling a 2-D semi-infinite space) for the test-cases of stationary idealized tonal aeroacoustic (monopole, dipole and lateral quadrupole) sources located in a fully-developed mean shear flow field wherein the acoustic pressure time–history was stored at the computational boundaries. A set of TR simulations are implemented that show for each test-case that only the top line array is required to accurately characterize the idealized aeroacoustic sources in the presence of a reflecting bottom boundary, thereby suggesting the redundancy of acoustic pressure measurement at the rigid surface. The test-case of convecting (moving) idealized aeroacoustic source was also considered and the TR simulation using only the top line array in the presence of reflecting bottom boundary was able to accurately retrieve the source trajectory and simultaneously characterize its nature. This numerical experiment demonstrates in principle that when a rigid surface is mounted on the floor of an Anechoic Wind Tunnel, the use of only one (top) line array of microphones should be sufficient to characterize the nature and location of experimental flow-induced noise source. Acoustic source maps were also obtained using the CB method based on the Method of Images (to model the reflecting surface) and incorporation of the Ray-Tracing algorithm necessary to account for the effect of mean flow. The CB results were found to be highly comparable to those obtained using TR for the test-cases of non-convecting sources; thereby demonstrating the conceptual equivalence of the Method of Images and directly implementing the rigid-wall condition during TR for source localization/characterization.     

Space potential particles to enhance the stability of projection-based particle methods

Particle methods have been seldom verified by a Karman vortex simulation, which is commonly performed as a typical benchmark in computational fluid dynamics. This is mainly due to a difficulty in suppression of occurrence of unphysical voids manifested usually in a strong vortex on account of definition of free surface by the Lagrangian tracking framework with inconsistency in volume conservation. This paper presents a simple and effective scheme as a free-surface boundary condition of projection-based particle methods, namely the MPS (moving particle semi-implicit) and Incompressible SPH (ISPH) methods to handle the free surface with consistency in volume conservation. The new scheme is introduced into the Poisson pressure equation (PPE) with consideration of a potential in void space as space potential particle (SPP), to reproduce physical motions of particles around free surface through a particle–void interaction. The enhancing effect of the newly proposed SPP scheme is shown by simulating a few numerical tests, including a whirling water flow, a two-phase surfacing flow, and a set of Karman vortex simulations.     

甲烷氯代反应条件的系统化探究与教学实施策略的优化

甲烷氯代反应是高中化学教学中成功率较低的实验。系统探索了温度、光照条件、反应物比例对该反应过程和结果的影响,研究发现,阳光或高压汞灯照射是反应快速进行的必要条件,温度在25 ℃以上能加快反应进行,甲烷与氯气体积比为1:3能提高氯代反应的程度。在进行甲烷氯代反应的实验教学中,应基于以上该反应条件的探究结果制定符合具体情况要求的优化实施策略。     

Flow of Oldroyd-B fluid with nanoparticles and thermal radiation

The two-dimensional boundary layer flow of an Oldroyd-B fluid in the presence of nanoparticles is investigated. Convective heat and mass conditions are considered in the presence of thermal radiation and heat generation. The Brownian motion and thermophoresis effects are retained. The nonlinear partial differential equations are reduced into the ordinary differential equation (ODE) systems. The resulting ODE systems are solved for the series solutions. The results are analyzed for various physical parameters of interest. Numerical values of the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are also computed and analyzed.     

Inverse scattering problem from an impedance crack via a composite method

In this paper we consider an inverse scattering problem from an open arc with impedance boundary conditions on both sides of the crack. Our aim is to recover both the impedance function and the unknown crack simultaneously from the far-field pattern with only one incident wave. Making the most out of the direct problem, a straightforward method of iterative nature is developed for the inverse problem. The ill-posedness of this problem is considered by incorporating the Tikhonov regularization. Numerical examples are provided at the end of the paper to show the feasibility of our method.     

Mixed convection in gravity-driven nano-liquid film containing both nanoparticles and gyrotactic microorganisms

Analysis of a gravity-induced film flow of a fluid containing both nanoparticles and gyrotactic microorganisms along a convectively heated vertical surface is presented. The Buongiorno model is applied. Two kinds of boundary conditions, the passive and the active boundary conditions, are considered to investigate this film flow phenomenon. Through a set of similarity variables, the ordinary differential equations that describe the conservation of the momentum, the thermal energy, the nanoparticles, and the microorganisms are derived and then solved numerically by an efficient finite difference technique. The effects of various physical parameters on the profiles of momentum, thermal energy, nanoparticles, microorganisms, local skin friction, local Nusselt number, local wall mass flux, and local wall motile microorganisms flux are investigated. It is expected that the passively controlled nanofluid model can be much more easily achieved and applied in real circumstances than the actively controlled model.     

Exergy analysis of ramjet

An exergy analysis of possible regimes of energy supply to the air flow in the ramjet duct is carried out. A condition for the supply of a given heat amount to supersonic flow and a condition of the passage across the sound velocity are obtained for a duct with variable cross-sectional area. An analysis of the flow in a model ramjet duct at a pulsed-periodic energy supply is carried out. For a clear demonstration of possible schemes of heat supply in such a duct, a diagram in the temperature-exergy coordinates is proposed. A duct configuration in which the heat supply to supersonic flow is realized with regard for the limitation of the gas static temperature is proposed.     

The apparent state of droplets on a rough surface

The factors influencing the state and wetting transition of droplets on a rough surface are both complex and obscure. The change in wetting is directly reflected by changes under the contact condition of the droplets with the surface. The recent study about the wettability of the superhydrophobic surface under the condensing condition arouses the new understanding about the apparent state of droplets on a rough surface. In this work, to validate the existence of droplets in an intermediate state, a microscale pillar topological polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface was manufactured and its wettability under various conditions was studied. According to the experimental data, it is proposed that the wetting state of a rough surface may be embodied using the contact area ratio of a solid/liquid/gas droplet with the projective plane. A general calculation model for the apparent contact angle of droplets is given and expressed diagrammatically. It is found that the measured apparent contact angles of droplets at different states on the surface falls within the range predicted by our proposed equation. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50606025)