全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8434篇 |
免费 | 745篇 |
国内免费 | 381篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 2415篇 |
晶体学 | 67篇 |
力学 | 662篇 |
综合类 | 39篇 |
数学 | 2456篇 |
物理学 | 3921篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 12篇 |
2023年 | 73篇 |
2022年 | 130篇 |
2021年 | 165篇 |
2020年 | 226篇 |
2019年 | 215篇 |
2018年 | 182篇 |
2017年 | 194篇 |
2016年 | 227篇 |
2015年 | 193篇 |
2014年 | 275篇 |
2013年 | 738篇 |
2012年 | 299篇 |
2011年 | 366篇 |
2010年 | 293篇 |
2009年 | 426篇 |
2008年 | 483篇 |
2007年 | 551篇 |
2006年 | 495篇 |
2005年 | 367篇 |
2004年 | 387篇 |
2003年 | 376篇 |
2002年 | 353篇 |
2001年 | 353篇 |
2000年 | 343篇 |
1999年 | 280篇 |
1998年 | 234篇 |
1997年 | 184篇 |
1996年 | 120篇 |
1995年 | 118篇 |
1994年 | 123篇 |
1993年 | 100篇 |
1992年 | 92篇 |
1991年 | 84篇 |
1990年 | 51篇 |
1989年 | 43篇 |
1988年 | 43篇 |
1987年 | 56篇 |
1986年 | 45篇 |
1985年 | 54篇 |
1984年 | 38篇 |
1983年 | 27篇 |
1982年 | 31篇 |
1981年 | 20篇 |
1980年 | 17篇 |
1979年 | 19篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1973年 | 13篇 |
1972年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有9560条查询结果,搜索用时 615 毫秒
991.
This paper presents a new nonlinear reaction–diffusion–convection system coupled with a system of ordinary differential equations that models a combustion front in a multilayer porous medium. The model includes heat transfer between the layers and heat loss to the external environment. A few assumptions are made to simplify the model, such as incompressibility; then, the unknowns are determined to be the temperature and fuel concentration in each layer. When the fuel concentration in each layer is a known function, we prove the existence and uniqueness of a classical solution for the initial and boundary value problem for the corresponding system. The proof uses a new approach for combustion problems in porous media. We construct monotone iterations of upper and lower solutions and prove that these iterations converge to a unique solution for the problem, first locally and then, in time, globally. 相似文献
992.
We study a class of diffusion processes, which are determined by solutions X(t) to stochastic functional differential equation with infinite memory and random switching represented by Markov chain Λ(t): Under suitable conditions, we investigate convergence and boundedness of both the solutions X(t) and the functional solutions Xt: We show that two solutions (resp., functional solutions) from different initial data living in the same initial switching regime will be close with high probability as time variable tends to infinity, and that the solutions (resp., functional solutions) are uniformly bounded in the mean square sense. Moreover, we prove existence and uniqueness of the invariant probability measure of two-component Markov-Feller process (Xt,Λ(t)); and establish exponential bounds on the rate of convergence to the invariant probability measure under Wasserstein distance. Finally, we provide a concrete example to illustrate our main results. 相似文献
993.
The diffusion behavior of fluid water in nanochannels with hydroxylation of silica gel and silanization of different modified chain lengths was simulated by the equilibrium molecular dynamics method. The diffusion coefficient of fluid water was calculated by the Einstein method and the Green–Kubo method, so as to analyze the change rule between the modification degree of nanochannels and the diffusion coefficient of fluid water. The results showed that the diffusion coefficient of fluid water increased with the length of the modified chain. The average diffusion coefficient of fluid water in the hydroxylated nanochannels was 8.01% of the bulk water diffusion coefficient, and the diffusion coefficients of fluid water in the –(CH2)3CH3, –(CH2)7CH3, and –(CH2)11CH3 nanochannels were 44.10%, 49.72%, and 53.80% of the diffusion coefficients of bulk water, respectively. In the above four wall characteristic models, the diffusion coefficients in the z direction were smaller than those in the other directions. However, with an increase in the silylation degree, the increased self-diffusion coefficient due to the surface effect could basically offset the decreased self-diffusion coefficient owing to the scale effect. In the four nanochannels, when the local diffusion coefficient of fluid water was in the range of 8 Å close to the wall, Dz was greater than Dxy, and beyond the range of 8 Å of the wall, the Dz was smaller than Dxy. 相似文献
994.
A.V. Anil Kumar 《Molecular physics》2013,111(11):1306-1310
The crossover from normal Fickian diffusion, where mean-squared displacement goes as t to single-file diffusion, where <z2> t?0.5 is studied as function of particle size confined in zeolite zsm-22 using molecular dynamics simulations. The simulation results indicate that the crossover is smooth as the particle size increases and the diffusion reaches single file through a series of subdiffusion processes. A small number of mutual passage of particles can destroy the correlated single-file diffusion. The density dependence on single-file mobility obtained from molecular dynamics simulations are in very good agreement with theoretical predictions. 相似文献
995.
Abstract There are numerous clinical situations, such as hyperthermia cancer therapy, under which body temperature has to be accurately evaluated. Magnetic Resonance Imaging presently offers the best set of non-invasive methods for body temperature mapping, including diffusion imaging, relaxation time measurement, magnetization transfer contrast and chemical shift spectroscopic imaging. The basic NMR parameters involved in each are first analyzed. The role of temperature in their physical variation is then presented and finally the different practical MRI methods are briefly discussed. In the present slate of available technology and for basic physical reasons, the T 1 method appears the best compromise at low and medium magnetic field in a limited temperature range. Chemical shift could be theoretically more promising but strictly depends from the homogeneity and stability of the magnet and will be available only at high or very high field. 相似文献
996.
Abstract The top part of the coexistence curve of methyl fluoride in the critical region has been determined first by direct observation of the disappearance of the meniscus of the fluid situated in a high-pressure light scattering cell and subsequently from the measured maximum depolarization ratio of an appreciable number of isochores close to the critical point. The experimental data obtained from direct observations yield a coexistence curve which nearly coincides with that found recently from pVT measurements. However, the data obtained from light scattering experiments describe a gravity induced coexistence curve which lies above the previous one and which shows a minimum at the critical point. The complete experimental data have been used to evaluate the critical parameters pc, ρc and Tc and the critical exponent β. 相似文献
997.
We propose a method for analyzing the data for the rates of exchange of various currencies versus the U.S. dollar. The method analyzes the return time series of the data as a Markov process, and develops an effective equation which reconstructs it. We find that the Markov time scale, i.e., the time scale over which the data are Markov-correlated, is one day for the majority of the daily exchange rates that we analyze. We derive an effective Langevin equation to describe the fluctuations in the rates. The equation contains two quantities, D(1) and D(2), representing the drift and diffusion coefficients, respectively. We demonstrate how the two coefficients are estimated directly from the data, without using any assumptions or models for the underlying stochastic time series that represent the daily rates of exchange of various currencies versus the U.S. dollar. 相似文献
998.
S. Zimmermann H. M. Urbassek 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2006,39(3):423-432
Using molecular-dynamics simulation, we study the processes occurring
after impact of clusters on a rigid wall. Comparing the impact of model
clusters consisting of 13 atoms, or of 13 diatomic molecules with varied
bond strength, the systematics in the results of the collision process
are investigated. Four regimes of impact-induced cluster fragmentation
are identified: intact reflection, shattering into large fragments,
complete fragmentation, and molecule dissociation. The effect of the
number of degrees of freedom activated in the collision on the
translational and internal energies of the reflected fragments is
discussed in detail. As a rule, with increasing number of degrees of
freedom which can be activated in the collision, the translational
energy sinks. On the other hand, for weak intramolecular bonding,
intramolecular vibrations are easily excited at small impact energies,
reducing the resulting translational energy. The presence of even a very
weak attractive well epsilonw at the surface has a major influence
on the sticking behavior of the clusters — and hence also on the
absolute reflected energies — even at impact energies E0 ≫
epsilonw. 相似文献
999.
B. Spagnolo A. Dubkov 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2006,50(1-2):299-303
The one-dimensional overdamped Brownian motion in a symmetric
periodic potential modulated by external time-reversible noise is
analyzed. The calculation of the effective diffusion coefficient
is reduced to the mean first passage time problem. We derive
general equations to calculate the effective diffusion coefficient
of Brownian particles moving in arbitrary supersymmetric potential
modulated by: (i) an external white Gaussian noise and (ii) a
Markovian dichotomous noise. For both cases the exact expressions
for the effective diffusion coefficient are derived. We obtain
acceleration of diffusion in comparison with the free diffusion
case for fast fluctuating potentials with arbitrary profile and
for sawtooth potential in case (ii). In this case the parameter
region where this effect can be observed is given. We obtain also
a finite net diffusion in the absence of thermal noise. For
rectangular potential the diffusion slows down, for all parameters
of noise and of potential, in comparison with the case when
particles diffuse freely. 相似文献
1000.
ILki Kim Günter Mahler 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2006,54(3):405-414
We consider a single harmonic oscillator coupled to a bath
at zero temperature. As is well-known, the oscillator then has a
higher average energy than that given by its ground state. Here we
show analytically that for a damping model with arbitrarily discrete
distribution of bath modes and damping models with continuous
distributions of bath modes with cut-off frequencies, this excess
energy is less than the work needed to couple the system to the
bath, therefore, the quantum second law is not violated. On the
other hand, the second law may be violated for bath modes without
cut-off frequencies, which are, however, physically unrealistic
models.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献