Determination of Cysteine Using Near-infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy with Enrichment via Thiol-maleimide Click Reaction

Enrichment technique has been proved to be an efficient way to make the near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(NIRDRS) suitable for micro analysis. However, low selectivity presented by conventional enrichment methods makes the quantitative analysis easy to be affected by the coexisting components. In this study, a specific enrichment method with chemical bonding via thiol-maleimide click reaction was used to achieve the reduction of the interferences. Taking cysteine as the analyzing target, maleimide-functionalized SiO₂ nanoparticles were prepared for the enrichment of cysteine. Then determination of cysteine in aqueous solution and human serum was studied using the partial least squares model built from the NIRDRS spectra of the adsorbate. The results show that the concentration that can be quantitatively detected is as low as 2.0 μg/mL, and the correlation coefficient(R) between the reference and predicted concentration is 0.9871 for the validation samples. The recoveries are in the range of 89.5%-113.8% for human serum samples in the concentration range of 0-16.2 μg/mL.     

基于漫反射光谱法下层组织信息的最佳探测位置的研究

由于人体组织结构的复杂性和个体差异性,采用光谱分析技术实现组织内部信息的检测方法中,仍存在着检测位置不明确的问题。采用多位置空间分辨漫反射光谱法对脂肪肌肉组织中内部信息的最佳探测位置进行了研究。由于目标组织为肌肉组织,为了消除由于不同人体皮下脂肪层厚度的差异以及目标层中多次后向散射光对测量结果引起的较大误差,并根据光在复杂生物组织中的传输模型,通过增加约束条件——两条理想的“香蕉型”路径—来定义有效光子比SNR,并以SNR作为评价最佳探测位置SDS_best的标准,对优化后的Monte Carlo仿真结果进行统计分析,分别研究了脂肪层厚度h_f、脂肪层吸收系数μ_af和肌肉层吸收系数μ_am与光源探测器间距SDS之间的关系,并以h_f为自变量与SDS_best建立线性回归模型。研究表明,(1)当0<h_f<0.6 cm时,μ_af和μ_am对SDS_best几乎没有影响,而h_f与SDS_best的建模相关系数R2为0.991 8;(2)任取脂肪层厚度值0.12与0.22 cm作预测,得到预测误差分别为0.030 14和0.020 16,预测误差均能控制在5%以内。该方法能更方便、快速地为测量组织内部信息确定最佳检测位置,并有效削弱浅表组织以及目标层中多次背向散射光的干扰。     

基于CCD成像方法的激光束近场光强分布测试技术?

激光束近场光强分布是影响激光束特性的重要参数之一,为了使目前激光束近场光强分布的评价更加合理和科学化,对CCD直接测量法和漫反射屏测量法两种测量方法进行了研究,并分析了材料不同的漫反射屏对测量结果的影响。研究结果表明,漫反射屏材料的不同对测量结果有较大影响,并且漫反射屏测量法存在的散斑对测量结果影响也较大。两种测量方法比较表明CCD直接测量法测得结果更加客观,与真实值更加接近。     

大幅提高视觉密度国家基准测量水平的方法研究

随着生物医学影像和航天军事测量的发展,对用于光学成像底片和视觉校正的视觉密度的测量范围和不确定度的要求越来越高.以自行设计的光纤半球发射器形成的复合漫射器为特征的新方案将视觉漫透射密度国家基准的光源漫射系数提高到0.945,比欧美国家基准高0.02—0.03.实验得到新基准的测量范围为0—6.0,合成不确定度为0.0015(0相似文献   

Diffusiophoresis of colloidal spheres in nonelectrolyte gradients at small but finite Péclet numbers

The diffusiophoretic motion of a spherical particle in a uniform imposed gradient of a nonionic solute is analyzed for small but finite Péclet numbers. The range of the interaction between the solute molecules and the particle surface is assumed to be small relative to the radius of the particle, but the polarization effect of the mobile solute in the thin diffuse layer surrounding the particle caused by the strong adsorption of the solute is incorporated. A normal flux of the solute and a slip velocity of the fluid at the outer edge of the diffuse layer are used as the boundary conditions for the fluid domain outside the diffuse layer. Through the use of a method of matched asymptotic expansions along with these boundary conditions, a set of transport equations governing this problem is solved in the quasisteady situation and an approximate expression for the diffusiophoretic velocity of the particle good to O(Pe ²) is obtained analytically. The analysis shows that the first correction to the particle velocity is O(Pe ²). The normalized particle velocity is found to decrease monotonically with the Péclet number and to increase monotonically with the dimensionless relaxation coefficient. The stronger the polarization effect in the diffuse layer, the weaker the convective effect on the diffusiophoresis. Received: 25 May 2000 Accepted: 6 September 2000     

Non‐invasive probing of pharmaceutical capsules using transmission Raman spectroscopy

We demonstrate how transmission Raman geometry can be effectively used for non‐invasive probing of the content of pharmaceutical capsules. This approach is particularly beneficial in situations where the conventional Raman backscattering method is hampered or fails because of excessive surface Raman or fluorescence signals emanating from the capsule shell material, which pollute the much weaker subsurface Raman signals with undesired noise. It is demonstrated that such interfering signals can be effectively suppressed by the transmission geometry. The ability to avoid surface fluorescence and Raman signals in conjunction with the superior, bulk‐probing properties of the transmission Raman geometry provides an analytical technique ideally suited for fast on‐line process control monitoring applications in pharmaceutical industry where rapid, chemically specific bulk analysis is required. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用CCD测量光密度的新方法

本文介绍了一种用CCD测量光密度的新方法.利用改变曝光时间t和改变透射率τ对曝光量的改变是完全等价的这一原理,不用借助任何标准密度灰片校准,可在大面积上足够精准地测量物体透射密度.     

褐煤中水分的原位漫反射红外光谱研究

采用漫反射红外光谱(DRIFT)法,以140℃时褐煤的单光束图为背景研究了两种褐煤中的水分.结果表明,褐煤中水分的含量与光谱图相应区域的积分面积呈线性关系;在计算煤中水分形成的氢键键能的基础上,讨论了水分与煤表面间的氢键相互作用;根据DRIFT谱,将煤中的水分分为游离态的水与以弱氢键与煤表面结合的水和与煤形成强氢键的水.低于80℃时主要脱除前者,而高于80℃则主要脱除后者.     

Hydrogen Bonds in Coal -The Influence of Coal Rank and the Recognition of a New Hydrogen Bond in Coal

By means of in-situ diffuse reflectance FTIR.The IR spectra of 6 coals with different ranks were obtained from room temperature to 230℃.A new curve fitting method was used to recognize the different hydrogen bonds in the coals.and the influence of coal ranks on the distribution of hydrogen bonds(HBs) in the coals and their thermal stability were discussed.The results show that there is another new HB(around 2514cm^-1) between the-SH in mercaptans or thiophenols and the nitrogen in the pyridine-like compounds in the coals.and the evidence for that was provided.The controversial band of the HB between hydroxyl and the nitrogen of the pyridine-like compounds was determined in the range of 3028-2984cm^-1,and the result is comsistent with but more specific than that of Painter et al.It was ound that the stability of different HBs in the coals is influenced by both coal rank and temperature,For some HBs.the higher the coal rank,the higher the stability of them.Within the temperature range of our research,the stability of the HB between the hydroxyl and the π bond increases to some extent for some coals at temperatures higher than 110 or 140℃.     

Weak solutions for a diffuse interface model for two-phase flows of incompressible fluids with different densities and nonlocal free energies

We consider a diffuse interface model for the flow of two viscous incompressible Newtonian fluids with different densities in a bounded domain in two and three space dimensions and prove existence of weak solutions for it. In contrast to earlier contributions, we study a model with a singular nonlocal free energy, which controls the H^α/2-norm of the volume fraction. We show existence of weak solutions for large times with the aid of an implicit time discretization.