Mg元素在亚热带常绿阔叶林中的积累和循环

研究了分布于浙江建德的亚热带常绿阔叶林生态系统的Mg的积累和循环.结果表明:群落各代表种类的Mg浓度为0.028%~0.265%,变幅较大.新的器官和个体中积累了较多的Mg.优势种青冈体内Mg浓度的季节变化不明显.鲜叶和鲜枝中的Mg浓度比枯叶和枯枝高.降水通过林冠时有部分Mg被淋溶出来.Mg在群落中现存量为89.96 kg/hm2,死地被层中积累量为15.62 kg/hm2,土壤(A0-B层)中储存量为39 840 kg/hm2.群落中Mg的存留量为11.64 kg/(hm2.a);归还量为8.52 kg/(hm2.a),其中大部分通过凋落物和穿透水归还(占99%);吸收量为20.16 kg/(hm2.a).降水输入了2.67 kg/(hm2.a)的Mg.     

江西永丰水浆自然保护区主要森林植被类型的立木种群研究

通过对江西永丰水浆自然保护区森林植被的调查,基本查清了该区主要森林被类型,对各种演替阶段的不同森林群落中的植物种类组成及其立木种年龄结构以及群落的结构进行了研究,并推断出该区森林植被演管模式。     

基于长期定位监测的稻田土壤理化变化和镉污染风险评价

土壤镉(Cd)污染及由此造成的水稻籽粒Cd超标是近年来我国农业环境和农产品安全领域面临的一项重要问题,对人体健康造成严重威胁。为明确Cd在稻田土壤理化变化和镉污染风险评价及相互关系,通过51个定位监测点连续5年对水稻籽粒和其对应的根系土壤进行协同监测。结果表明,监测区域内土壤酸化比较严重,土壤养分含量较高,年度之间差异不明显。土壤总Cd变化范围为0.067~1.260 mg·kg-1;土壤有效Cd含量变化范围为0.018~0.992 mg·kg-1;水稻籽粒Cd含量变化范围为0.003~1.170 mg·kg-1,籽粒Cd富集系数变化范围为0.013~2.396。5年内总体上土壤Cd与水稻籽粒Cd污染、潜在生态风险指数(Ei)及健康风险评价(HQ)较低并呈下降趋势,但土壤Cd生物活性较高。随机森林模型(Random forest mode)分析显示土壤性质显著影响土壤总Cd和有效态Cd,土壤交换能力是影响水稻籽粒对Cd吸收的主要因子。当pH≤6.5时,随着土壤pH值升高,土壤总Cd含量、土壤有效Cd含量及水稻籽粒Cd含量均升高,但当pH值≥6.5时,随着土壤pH值升高,土壤总Cd含量、土壤有效Cd含量及水稻籽粒Cd含量却均下降。研究结果可为受污染耕地分类管控和水稻安全生产提供科学依据。     

Analysis of Factors Contributing to the Severity of Large Truck Crashes

Crashes that involved large trucks often result in immense human, economic, and social losses. To prevent and mitigate severe large truck crashes, factors contributing to the severity of these crashes need to be identified before appropriate countermeasures can be explored. In this research, we applied three tree-based machine learning (ML) techniques, i.e., random forest (RF), gradient boost decision tree (GBDT), and adaptive boosting (AdaBoost), to analyze the factors contributing to the severity of large truck crashes. Besides, a mixed logit model was developed as a baseline model to compare with the factors identified by the ML models. The analysis was performed based on the crash data collected from the Texas Crash Records Information System (CRIS) from 2011 to 2015. The results of this research demonstrated that the GBDT model outperforms other ML methods in terms of its prediction accuracy and its capability in identifying more contributing factors that were also identified by the mixed logit model as significant factors. Besides, the GBDT method can effectively identify both categorical and numerical factors, and the directions and magnitudes of the impacts of the factors identified by the GBDT model are all reasonable and explainable. Among the identified factors, driving under the influence of drugs, alcohol, and fatigue are the most important factors contributing to the severity of large truck crashes. In addition, the exists of curbs and medians and lanes and shoulders with sufficient width can prevent severe large truck crashes.     

基于随机森林模型的船员选择培训机构影响因素分析

选取培训机构地理位置、培训机构许可培训项目数、培训机构服务质量以及船员年龄、籍贯、已参加培训次数作为影响因子, 采用随机森林模型对浙江省船员选择培训机构的影响因素进行了分析. 结果表明 (1)地理位置对船员培训机构选择的影响最大, 可解释58.7%的船员选择培训机构的行为, 年龄对船员培训机构选择的影响最小; (2)影响因素的作用存在区域差异性, 同一影响因素对不同区域的船员选择培训机构的影响程度有所不同, 地理位置对舟山地区船员选择行为的影响最大, 对省内其他地区影响较小.     

A three‐phase procedure for designing an irrigation system's water distribution network

This paper focuses on the design of an irrigation network included in a public project to build a distributing water system for agricultural purposes. We begin by outlining the issue. We then present a procedure composed of three sequential modules to tackle this complex problem. The first module provides the design of the network links by heuristically constructing a short length Steiner forest. In the second module, the flows for every arc of this network are calculated. The last one determines the size of the pipes and pumps by solving a mixed binary linear programming problem. A real experiment is reported. Although further improvements are required, the results confirm the adaptability of the overall procedure to assist agricultural engineers in preparing their projects.     

OPTIMAL CONTROL OF MULTIPLE-USE PRODUCTS: THE CASE OF TIMBER,FORAGE AND WATER PRODUCTION

ABSTRACT. A thorough analysis of the optimal control of multiple-use forest management at the stand level reveals that the results of earlier studies, which seem to contradict each other, are in fact part of a common solution space. We provide an explanation for this result by showing that it is caused by the growth function and the interaction between the timber and forage production functions. We discuss the sensibility of the results using this new knowledge. Most optimal control models focusing on multiple-use forest management have applied production functions that are quadratic in the state variable. This makes explicit solutions easy because the first order derivative is linear. However, in reality, production is often better described by more complex nonlinear functions, but, unfortunately, such functions are difficult to handle in an optimal control framework. We illustrate how the convenience of the quadratic production function can be combined with better approximations to nonlinear production functions.     

青冈林的能量生态：Ⅳ.青冈林的能量吸收,固定及生产效率

对青冈林的能量吸收、固定及生产效率进行了研究,结果表明能量吸收量为2861330．39kJ/(m2·a）,能量固定量为108080．99kJ/（m2·a）,能量生产效率为1．90％．     

贡嘎山森林水资源水质状况分析

从地表水来源的整个水流过程对森林净化水质功能和影响贡嘎山自然保护区表水水质的因素进行分析,评价了贡嘎山森林流域水质状况,研究了贡嘎山森林生态系统对水域pH和Ca等营养元素的影响,为森林生态系统水质演化研究提供了例证。     

Use of stochastic control theory to model a forest management system

A forest management problem due to Hellman has been modelled as a stochastic control problem with one state variable (inventory level) and one control variable (consumption rate of wood by the factories). The stochastic process governing the evolution of the inventory level is transformed into an Itô stoachastic differential equation by approximating the compound Poisson process of wood arrivals into the depot as a Wiener process. The resulting stochastic control problem is solved by using the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation of stochastic dynamic programming. Two numerical examples illustrate the results.