神农架林区和自然保护区链霉菌属中的一个新种

从神农架林区和自然保护区土壤样品中分离到菌株Ｉ６４３，对其形态特征、培养特征、生理生化特性进行了研究，经与已知的种比较，定为新种，命名为疣孢链霉菌（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓｖｅｒｒｕ－ｃｏｓｐｏｒｕｓｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）     

基于拉曼光谱技术的海水微塑料快速识别技术研究

近年来由于塑料的大量使用和排放,这些塑料经环境作用破碎变成微塑料大量汇聚到海洋中,导致海洋中聚集大量微塑料。微塑料形状较小,难以识别其来源与种类。激光拉曼探测技术具有快速、无损、且各物质指纹峰明显易被精确识别等优点,近年来被广泛应用。本文基于拉曼光谱探测技术,提出了一种结合小波处理、随机森林算法实现海水中微塑料快速识别的智能分类方法。针对六种典型的海水微塑料标准样品（丙烯腈(A)-丁二烯(B)-苯乙烯(S)的三元共聚物（ABS）、聚酰胺（PA）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、聚丙烯（PP）、聚苯乙烯（PS）、聚氯乙烯（PVC））,采用激光拉曼探测技术进行光谱数据收集,对获取的拉曼光谱采用小波基为DB7、分解次数为3的小波,标准差归一化进行了拉曼光谱预处理。为了提高识别速度,同时还需要对光谱数据进行数据压缩预处理,分别进行了数据压缩点为64,128,256,512和1 024点的数据压缩比较,它们的决策树算法识别精度分别为91.51%,91.67%,92.35%,93.17%和93.21%,随机森林算法识别精度分别为93.12%,93.92%,94.83%,96.81%和96.81%,实验结果表明,微塑料的拉曼光谱压缩为512点时为效率和精度的最佳压缩点,可以为实际工程应用中微塑料拉曼数据压缩提供参考。分别采用决策树、随机森林两种算法进行微塑料拉曼光谱识别研究。研究结果表明,基于拉曼光谱数据,随机森林算法的识别微塑料交叉验证精度高于决策树算法。为进一步提高识别精度,进行了模型参数（折次k）优化研究,采用经过优化后的模型参数（k=20）,随机森林算法识别微塑料的交叉验证精度可以达到97.24%。可以为实际海水中微塑料的快速识别提供技术参考。     

Rhythm Analysis during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Using Convolutional Neural Networks

Chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) induce artifacts in the ECG that may provoque inaccurate rhythm classification by the algorithm of the defibrillator. The objective of this study was to design an algorithm to produce reliable shock/no-shock decisions during CPR using convolutional neural networks (CNN). A total of 3319 ECG segments of 9 s extracted during chest compressions were used, whereof 586 were shockable and 2733 nonshockable. Chest compression artifacts were removed using a Recursive Least Squares (RLS) filter, and the filtered ECG was fed to a CNN classifier with three convolutional blocks and two fully connected layers for the shock/no-shock classification. A 5-fold cross validation architecture was adopted to train/test the algorithm, and the proccess was repeated 100 times to statistically characterize the performance. The proposed architecture was compared to the most accurate algorithms that include handcrafted ECG features and a random forest classifier (baseline model). The median (90% confidence interval) sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and balanced accuracy of the method were 95.8% (94.6–96.8), 96.1% (95.8–96.5), 96.1% (95.7–96.4) and 96.0% (95.5–96.5), respectively. The proposed algorithm outperformed the baseline model by 0.6-points in accuracy. This new approach shows the potential of deep learning methods to provide reliable diagnosis of the cardiac rhythm without interrupting chest compression therapy.     

近红外光谱的油页岩总有机碳快速检测

为了快速检测油页岩总有机碳（TOC）含量,以松辽盆地某区块所取岩芯为研究对象,测量230个岩石样本的TOC含量和近红外光谱数据。利用蒙特卡洛法剔除异常样本14个,剩余的216个样本进行去趋势加基线校正方法预处理,采用连续投影算法（SPA）、无信息变量消除算法以及竞争自适应算法选取特征波长。使用SPXY方法对样本按照2∶1的比例划分为144个校正集和72个验证集,然后建立线性的偏最小二乘（PLS）模型以及非线性的支持向量机（SVM）模型和随机森林（RF）模型对油页岩TOC含量进行预测。采用测定系数（R2）和均方根误差（RMSE）作为模型的评价指标,探究不同特征波长选择方法对油页岩总有机碳建模的影响,比较不同建模方法对油页岩TOC含量预测的准确度。结果表明,特征波长提取能够起到优化模型的作用。SPA,UVE和CARS分别提取了16,253和65个波长,经过特征波长提取后模型测定系数均有提高,均方根误差均有下降,这说明进行特征波长优选对于简化模型、提高模型运算速度发挥着很重要的作用。此外,非线性的RF和SVM模型性能要优于线性模型PLS。这是因为油页岩中的碳存在于各类烃的中,不同类别含烃基团的吸收峰之间相互影响,使得油页岩总有机碳含量和近红外光谱数据之间存在着复杂的非线性关系,因此,非线性的SVM和RF模型能够表现出更好的效果。相比于其他模型,CARS-SVM模型验证集的测定系数（R2_v）和均方根误差（RMSEV）表现出的结果较好,分别达到了0.906 6和0.222 0,该模型能够用于油页岩总有机碳含量的快速检测。研究结果说明,近红外光谱分析应用于油页岩TOC含量快速检测是可行的;建立的CARS-SVM模型能够表现出较好的预测效果,为我国油页岩TOC含量快速检测提供了一种新的方法和思路。     

The acircuitic directed star arboricity of subcubic graphs is at most four

A directed star forest is a forest all of whose components are stars with arcs emanating from the center to the leaves. The acircuitic directed star arboricity of an oriented graph G (that is a digraph with no opposite arcs) is the minimum number of arc-disjoint directed star forests whose union covers all arcs of G and such that the union of any two such forests is acircuitic. We show that every subcubic graph has acircuitic directed star arboricity at most four.     

基于收缩近邻方法的征信缺失数据插补研究

在海量征信数据的背景下,为降低缺失数据插补的计算成本,提出收缩近邻插补方法.收缩近邻方法通过三阶段完成数据插补,第一阶段基于样本和变量的缺失比例计算入样概率,通过不等概抽样完成数据的收缩,第二阶段基于样本间距离,选取与缺失样本近邻的样本组成训练集,第三阶段建立随机森林模型进行迭代插补.利用Australian数据集和中国各银行数据集进行模拟研究,结果表明在确保一定插补精度的情况下,收缩近邻方法较大程度减少了计算量.     

基于RF_AdaBoost模型的血液种属鉴别算法

针对人类和非人类血液种属鉴别对无损、 高效分析方法的需求, 结合随机森林(Random Forest)和AdaBoost(Adaptive Boosting Algorithm)算法, 提出了一种血液种属鉴别方法(RF_AdaBoost). 该方法将RF作为AdaBoost的弱分类器, 以达到提高模型鉴别准确度, 增强模型鲁棒性的目的. 采用RF、 支持向量机(SVM)、 极限学习机(ELM)、 核极限学习机(KELM)、 堆栈自编码网络(SAE)、 反向传播网络(BP)、 主成分分析-线性判别法(PCA-LDA)及偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)与RF_AdaBoost模型进行对比, 以不同规模血液拉曼光谱数据训练集进行鉴别实验评估其性能. 结果表明, 随着训练样本的增加, RF_AdaBoost鉴别准确度最高达100%, 预测标准偏差趋于0. 与其它模型相比, RF_AdaBoost具有较高的分类准确度及较强的稳定性, 为血液种属的鉴别工作提供了新方法.     

EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON LOBLOLLY PINE PLANTATIONS IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES

Abstract Few studies have empirically examined climate change impacts on managed forests in the southern United States. In this paper, we use the U.S. Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis Database to fit two growth models across the South and apply the four Hadley III climate scenarios developed for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report to project future growth and site productivity on loblolly pine plantations. The static growth model provides a direct test of whether a significant climate influence on forest growth can be statistically derived, while the dynamic growth model estimates climate effects through site productivity. Results indicate considerable spatial variation in potential future growth and productivity change on loblolly pine plantations due to climate change in the southern United States, while overall regional effects are projected to be marginal. The pattern of climate change impacts is consistent across the growth models and climate scenarios. These findings have several implications for climate change adaptation policies.     

林火飞过程的模拟计算

从理论上分析了森林火灾中飞火的形成过程,依据能量守恒建立了飞火形成及传播过程的理论模型,通过对飞火距离的计算分析,研究了各种因素的飞火过程的影响。