First Experience in Using Microdensitometer “Scandig 3” — Joyce Loebl for Autoradiographs Evaluation

The Device is composed of the basic microdensitometer, the control computer, the magnetic tape unit, the teletype, the interface, and the software package.

This apparatus is designated for digitalization of image data point by point (system “flying spot”) and for their record on magnetic tape for further data processing. The software package makes possible to realize some basic evaluation only by using configuration mentioned above — for example recording of measured values, determination of numbers of occurrences particular optical density (histogram), tresholding and mapping of measured values.

This paper describes the instrument and its using for autoradiographs evaluating.     

静态小波变换荧光检测水中矿物油信号的去噪方法

荧光分析法具有灵敏度高、选择性好、易于设计等优点,是检测水中油类污染物的重要手段。光电探测器产生的噪声会影响荧光检测系统的灵敏度,荧光信号的噪声消除一直是研究的热点问题。由于荧光信号增加了支集长度,dbN族小波能够解决信号的边界问题,通过比较dbN族不同小波基的去噪效果,选择db7为最优小波基,对含噪荧光信号作5层静态小波分解。根据小波熵理论自适应地选择阈值,高频系数经过阈值量化并重构得到纯净的荧光信号。与离散小波变换相比,静态小波变换去噪后信号具有信息完整性和时移不变性。     

原油样品激光诱导荧光的时间分辨光谱特性研究

为探索激光诱导时间分辨荧光光谱技术应用于海洋悬浮溢油原位探测的可行性,对来自胜利油田六个不同井区不同密度的原油样品的时间分辨荧光光谱进行了探测分析。结果发现,各原油样品荧光发射的持续时间基本相同,从ICCD中数字延时发生器(DDG)的输入延时52 ns开始,到输入延时82 ns左右结束,各原油样品的荧光峰强度随时间变化曲线的半高宽约10 ns;不同原油样品的最强荧光峰位及其衰减寿命不尽相同,并且与样品密度有一定相关性,密度相近的原油具有相近的最强荧光峰位和相似的荧光寿命。对比六种原油样品的时间分辨荧光光谱发现,在荧光增强时,原油荧光光谱峰位不变,当荧光从最大强度开始衰减时,六种原油样品的荧光光谱峰位均出现了不同程度(17~30 nm)的红移现象,这一定程度上反映出原油中各荧光组分的荧光衰减速率存在差异,或者存在荧光组分之间的能量传递。所观测到的原油密度相关的时间分辨光谱信息和荧光峰红移现象可望成为水下悬浮溢油识别的有效特征之一。     

参数可控长距无衍射光束的生成方法研究

为了消除光学器件几何参数对无衍射光束传播特性调整的限制,实现长距空间中无衍射光束传播时特性参数的可控性,首先,通过研究axicon折射阴影区的电场分布特征,发现axicon无衍射区外过临界面后的近轴区域虽处于几何折射阴影近轴区域内,但仍存在光强服从第一类零阶贝赛尔函数分布的球面波;以此为基础,提出了一种不受传播空间距离限制的无衍射光束的生成方式;最后,在近12 m的尺度范围内进行无衍射光传播特性参数测试,发现其实验参数与理论计算值的差值不超过0.1μm。该无衍射光通过对第一类零阶贝塞尔函数分布的球面衍射光斑准直生成,本质上区别于传统的干涉无衍射光束生成方式,易于生成大尺度空间无衍射光束。该无衍射光生成方式适合用于非能量使用情况下大尺度空间的直线基准、光束空间通讯等领域,具有较大的价值与意义。     

聚酯废弃物改性植物油沥青粘结剂的红外研究

采用蒸馏厂的下脚料——各种植物油沥青(棉油沥青、豆油沥青、混合油沥青)为主要原料,用聚酯废弃物为改性剂,经裂解、酯化等工艺制备成三种铸造用植物油沥青粘结剂(MB)。同时采用红外光谱和热重分析等手段对该三种粘结剂的基团结构,性能与固化机理进行探索,并与合脂粘结剂比较。 结果表明：改性粘结剂的主要成分与合脂粘结剂大致相同,且具有更高的干拉强度、更慢的发气速度等优异性能,达到甚至超过合脂粘结剂的性能,可用于Ⅰ级型芯砂的粘结,而且成本低廉。     

Main Components of Xinjiang Lavender Essential Oil Determined by Partial Least Squares and Near Infrared SpectroscopySCIEI北大核心CSCD

This work was undertaken to establish a quantitative analysis model which can rapid determinate the content of linalool, linalyl acetate of Xinjiang lavender essential oil. Totally 165 lavender essential oil samples were measured by using near infrared absorption spectrum(NIR), after analyzing the near infrared spectral absorption peaks of all samples, lavender essential oil have abundant chemical information and the interference of random noise may be relatively low on the spectral intervals of 7100-4 500 cm(-1). Thus, the PLS models was constructed by using this interval for further analysis. 8 abnormal samples were eliminated. Through the clustering method, 157 lavender essential oil samples were divided into 105 calibration set samples and 52 validation set samples. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used as a tool to determine the content of linalool and linalyl acetate in lavender essential oil. Then the matrix was established with the GC-MS raw data of two compounds in combination with the original NIR data. In order to optimize the model, different pretreatment methods were used to preprocess the raw NIR spectral to contrast the spectral filtering effect, after analysizing the quantitative model results of linalool and linalyl acetate, the root mean square error prediction(RMSEP) of orthogonal signal transformation (OSC) was 0.226, 0.558, spectrally, it was the optimum pretreatment method. In addition, forward interval partial least squares (FiPLS) method was used to exclude the wavelength points which has nothing to do with determination composition or present nonlinear correlation, finally 8 spectral intervals totally 160 wavelength points were obtained as the dataset. Combining the data sets which have optimized by OSC-FiPLS with partial least squares(PLS) to establish a rapid quantitative analysis model for determining the content of linalool and linalyl acetate in Xinjiang lavender essential oil, numbers of hidden variables of two components were 8 in the model. The performance of the model was evaluated according to root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSECV) 9 root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP). In the model, RESECV of linalool and linalyl acetate were 0.170 and 0.416, respectively; RMSEP were 0.188 and 0.364. The results indicated that raw data was pretreated by OSC and FiPLS, the NIR-PLS quantitative analysis model with good robustness, high measurement precision; it could quickly determine the content of linalool and linalyl acetate in lavender essential oil. In addition, the model has a favorable prediction ability. The study also provide a new effective method which could rapid quantitative analysis the major components of Xinjiang lavender essential oil.     

螺线管场下强流相对论电子束焦斑尺寸的限制

 分析了螺线管场下影响强流相对论电子束聚焦的主要因素,并给出了各影响因素所限制的最小焦斑。计算结果表明,当发射度和能散度的值分别控制在0.397mm× rad和1%以内, 单个螺线管磁轴的偏心不大于0.54mrad,初始注入束偏心不大于1mrad时,对于20MeV、3kA的电子束和15MeV、2.5kA的电子束,最终打靶束焦斑均可小于1.5mm。     

激光天线设计与光斑保持的角量法原理

为了满足船舶激光多环检测和自动跟踪目标多环补偿技术匹配天线的需要,用简便的角量法设计了激光天线.通过三次代数方程进行天线主镜和副镜的设计,并通过检测误差信号对角量的控制来调节主、副镜的双镜距以达到激光传播过程中光斑保持稳定不变.设计原理与实验数据符合,适用于工程应用.     

高能闪光照相对电子束参数的要求

对高能闪光机光源性能用Monte-Carlo方法模拟研究发现：并非击靶电子束半径越小、发射度越低, 闪光机的照相性能就会越好. 研究结果表明：为了使闪光照相图像视面上照射量分布比较均匀, 对束半径与电子束归一发射度有一个联合限制, 对于20MeV闪光机, 如果击靶电子束有效半径是0.12cm, 那么仅当束归一发射度≥550cm.mrad时,在2°内的照射量不均匀性才小于5%.     

基于不同光谱技术的原油样品的荧光分析

应用同步扫描、三维发射以及目前石油荧光仪所采用的二维发射荧光分析技术对胜利油田15个井区25种原油样品在10-4 g·L-1～10 g·L-1浓度范围内进行了光谱采集,对比分析了不同光谱技术所获取的光谱信息与浓度之间的相应关系。结果表明,对于原油这种多组分样品,二维发射光谱难以满足分析要求;三维光谱信息丰富但数据采集与提取困难。同步扫描光谱具有简单快捷、光谱特征丰富明显、干扰小等特点,选择Δλ为40 nm获得的原油同步扫描光谱可反映三维光谱的主要信息。与二维发射光谱和三维光谱相比,同步荧光法在原油样品分析中显现出较大优势和发展空间,可望发展成为石油录井中对岩屑岩芯样品含油量的定量分析的新方法。