环保意识提升促进经济环境双赢发展的内生增长模型

构建了当污染防治支出为资本性支出时,环保意识提升促进经济环境双赢发展的内生增长模型.研究发现,在由实物资本部门和人力资本部门构成的两部门模型中,如果将整个社会的实物资本分为污染防治资本和生产资本,可以得到环境质量提升与经济增长兼得的结果,而且环保意识的提升有助于实现经济发展与环境质量改善的双赢局面.其次,经济增长率的提升与污染防治资本和生产资本的多寡无关,而与两种资本的相对效率大小有关.如何降低生产过程中的污染排放以及提高污染防治资本的效能,应是政策关注的焦点.     

基于蒙特卡罗方法的摩擦材料表面形貌分形插值模拟

通过对铜基复合材料表面形貌的分析和研究,利用分形统计方法,对表征微凸体的特征参数进行分布规律讨论,结合蒙特卡罗方法和分形理论建立了表征微凸体大小的特征参数的数学模型,讨论了分形插值理论中迭代函数系统(IFS)的构造,提出了易于计算机实现的摩擦材料表面形貌模拟算法.同时,对表征微凸体特征的模拟数据进行非参数假设检验,检验结果表明这种模拟摩擦材料表面形貌的方法是可行的.     

Identification of polymer matrix yield stress in the wood cell wall based on micropillar compression and micromechanical modelling

Based on a combination of micropillar compression experiments and modelling of the secondary cell wall (cw) using continuum micromechanics, the shear yield stress of the polymer matrix is identified for both normal and compression wood of Norway spruce. It is shown that the model is able to capture the differences in mechanical properties between the two tissues based on the knowledge of composition of the samples, microfibril angle, as well as phase properties on the nanometer scale. By testing an isolated piece of the cell wall with a homogeneous and uniaxial stress field on the micrometer scale and using the micromechanical model to determine average stress fields on the nanometer scale, it is possible to identify the shear yield stress of the polymer matrix in wood, which was found to be in the range of 14.9–17.5 MPa for normal and compression wood. It was shown that this corresponds to a stress in the lignin phase of approx. 17 MPa. This combined study thus demonstrates a new approach for validating multiscale models predicting yield properties with uniaxial experiments at the microscale and measuring phase properties of inhomogeneous materials by a combination of modelling and experimental approaches.     

Nonlinear vibration of carbon nanotube embedded in viscous elastic matrix under parametric excitation by nonlocal continuum theory

In the present work, the nonlinear vibration of a carbon nanotube which is subjected to the external parametric excitation is studied. By the nonlocal continuum theory and nonlinear von Kármán beam theory, the governing equation of the carbon nanotube is derived with the consideration of the large deformation. The principle parametric resonance of the nanotube is discussed and the approximation explicit solution is presented by the multiple scale method. Numerical calculations are performed. It can be observed that when the mode number is 1, the stable region can be significantly changed by the parametric excitation, length-to-diameter ratio and matrix stiffness. This phenomenon becomes different to appear if the mode number increases. Moreover, the small scale effects have great influences on the positive bifurcation point for the short carbon nanotube, and the nonlocal continuum theory can present the proper model.     

Nonlocal and surface effects on the buckling behavior of functionally graded nanoplates: An isogeometric analysis

The size-dependent static buckling responses of circular, elliptical and skew nanoplates made of functionally graded materials (FGMs) are investigated in this article based on an isogeometric model. The Eringen nonlocal continuum theory is implemented to capture nonlocal effects. According to the Gurtin–Murdoch surface elasticity theory, surface energy influences are also taken into account by the consideration of two thin surface layers at the top and bottom of nanoplate. The material properties vary in the thickness direction and are evaluated using the Mori–Tanaka homogenization scheme. The governing equations of buckled nanoplate are achieved by the minimum total potential energy principle. To perform the isogeometric analysis as a solution methodology, a novel matrix-vector form of formulation is presented. Numerical examples are given to study the effects of surface stress as well as other important parameters on the critical buckling loads of functionally graded nanoplates. It is found that the buckling configuration of nanoplates at small scales is significantly affected by the surface free energy.     

A helium-3 cooled bolometer system for one millimeter continuum observations

A new, 1-mm-continuum, bolometer detector system has been constructed employing internal adsorption pumping of He-3 to reach an operating temperature close to 0.4 K. The system spectral bandwidth is 800 to 1200 m. Although the system was originally designed to be used on the 5-m Hale telescope, it has also been successfully used on the 4-m Anglo-Australian telescope and on the 10-m dish at Owens Valley, California. At the 5-m Hale telescope, the system has a full width-half maximum (FWHM) beam size of 55t" and an instantaneous noise-equivalent flux density of 6 in good weather.     

Convergent polynomial expansion,scaling of differential cross-section and computation of scaling functions for elastic diffraction scattering processes

Existing data on the differential cross-section ratio at high energies for pp, p, π^±p andK ^±p scatering have been fitted by the proposed convergent polynomial expansion to determine the unknown coefficients in the scaling function. It is found that the data are very well represented within and somewhat outside the peak regions by only four or five terms in the proposed series in terms of Laguerre polynomials.     

A procedure for assessing vector correlations

Three known measures of multivariate relationship are presented. Under the null hypothesis of lack of multivariate relationship between K random vectors, the asymptotic joint distributions of the % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaeWaaeaafa% qabeGabaaabaGaam4saaqaaiaaikdaaaaacaGLOaGaayzkaaaaaa!390F!\[\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c}K \\2 \\\end{array} } \right)\]values taken by these measures for all possible pairs (X ⁽ⁱ⁾, X^(j)), 1i<jK, is used to construct tests of the null hypothesis based on the maximum and more generally, on the greatest values of the measures. The asymptotic power of the tests is also obtained under a sequence of alternatives.The author was partially supported by a grant of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.     

Refinement of Catalyst hypotheses using simplex optimisation

The program HypoOpt in combination with the MSI program citest has been used to optimise and expand 3D QSAR Catalyst hypotheses using simplex optimisation coupled with cross-validation. Three data sets related to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition, squalene epoxidase inhibition and HIV protease inhibition were used to investigate the outcome of hypothesis optimisation. Simplex optimisation using leave-one-out cross-validation during the hypothesis refinement resulted in improved models with respect to predictivity of an external test set. Furthermore, the utilisation of the geometry of the active site for the HIV protease inhibitors, represented by Catalyst `excluded volume' features, resulted in an optimised hypothesis with improved predictivity compared with the corresponding hypothesis derived without receptor information.