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81.
电化学免疫分析法研究进展 总被引:27,自引:8,他引:27
电化学免疫分析法是将免疫分析与电化学分析技术相结合的一种免疫分析新方法,近十多年来,电化免疫分析的研究有了迅速的发展。本文对电化学的免疫分析法的标记物、免疫方法、电化学检测技术进行了概括总结,并展望了电化学免疫分析的发展前景。 相似文献
82.
有机化学,特别是天然有机化学,是和医学科学密切相关的,有机化学的成就在许多方面促进了医学科学的进步,反过来医学科学中提出的课题也推动了有机化学的发展。本文以抗疟药等天然药物和廿碳酸类等生理活性物质为例讨论了这两门学科间的一些关系。 相似文献
83.
84.
Conducting electroactive polymers (CPs) are materials discovered just over 20 years ago which have aroused considerable interest on account of their electronic conducting properties and unique chemical and biochemical properties. Consequently, they have numerous (bio)analytical and technological applications. CPs are easily synthesized and deposited onto the conductive surface of a given substrate from monomer solutions by electrochemical polymerization with precise electrochemical control of their formation rate and thickness. Coating electrodes with CPs under mild conditions opens up enormous possibilities for the immobilization of biomolecules and bioaffinity or biorecognizing reagents, the improvement of their electrocatalytic properties, rapid electron transfer and direct communication to produce a range of analytical signals and new analytical applications. Co-immobilization of other molecules (enzymatic co-factors or charge-transfer mediators) by entrapment within electropolymerized films or by covalent binding on these films permits straightforward fabrication of reagentless biosensors. The characteristics of CPs and their uses, mainly in amperometric biosensors, are reviewed. The most recent applications and lines of research related to CP films are summarized in the different sections of the paper, and probable future trends are discussed. 相似文献
85.
胶束介质在动力学分析中的应用 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
评述了胶束介质在动力学分析测定中的作用和应用状况,讨论了胶束催化的动力学特征,胶束对反应物理化学性质的修饰及其在动力学多组份测定和酶催化动力学分析中的应用。 相似文献
86.
87.
本文按合成产物的结构类型,综述分子内 Diels-Alder 反应在有机合成方面的新进展。 相似文献
88.
Lamination Design Optimization for Continuous Fiber Reinforced Composites of Variable Thicknesses北大核心CSCD
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由于具备高的比强度、比刚度,利用连续纤维增强复合材料代替传统金属材料以实现结构轻量化正受到设计者们的广泛关注。然而,结构的复杂性给复合材料的铺层设计与优化带来了很大的挑战。针对航空用复合材料铺层设计约束多的问题,通过逐步构建设计变量准确表达结构的铺层信息。基于经典遗传算法框架,结合各设计变量特点,定义了铺层优化算法中的遗传算子,通过引入“修复”策略保证了每一代解都能满足设计约束,分布在可行域区间内。最后利用精英保留策略提高了算法的局部寻优能力,可以降低复杂复合材料结构铺层设计的计算成本。通过解决经典benchmark问题并与已有优化结果的比较,验证了前述铺层优化算法的全局、局部寻优能力,为工程实际中的复合材料铺层设计优化提供了理论支撑。 相似文献
89.
A simple theoretical model is described for deriving a 1-dimensional equation for the spreading of a tracer in a steady flow at the field scale. The originality of the model is to use a stochastic appoach not in the 3-dimensional space but in the 1-D space of the stream tubes. The simplicity of calculation comes from the local relationship between permeability and velocity in a 1-D flow. The spreading of a tracer front is due to local variations in the cross-sectional area of the stream tubes, which induces randomness in travel time. The derived transport equation is averaged in the main flow direction. It differs from the standard dispersion equation. The roles of time and space variables are exchanged. This result can be explained by using the statistical theory of Continuous Time Random Walk instead of a standard Random Walk. However, the two equations are very close, since their solutions have the same first and second moments. Dispersivity is found to be equal to the product of the correlation length by the variance of the logarithm of permeability, a result similar to Gelhar's macrodispersion.Nomenclature
A
total cross-section area of the sample
-
C
(resident) concentration of tracer
-
D,D
*
dispersion coefficient
-
F
flux of tracer
-
G
probability distribution function for permeability in the stream-tube segments
-
I
tracer intensity (mass crossing a surface per unit time)
-
K
permeability
-
L
length of the medium
-
M
number of stream tubes in the medium
-
N
number of segments along a stream tube
-
P
pressure
-
Q
total flow rate in the sample
-
a
length of an elementary stream-tube segment
-
g
probability distribution function for permeability in the space
-
i, j
indices, tube numbers
-
q
flow rate in each stream tube
-
s
variable cross-section area of a stream tube
-
t, t
time
-
u
front velocity
-
x
space variable in the flow direction
-
small local variation in time
-
,
t
longitudinal, transverse dispersivity
-
porosity of the porous medium
-
correlation length in the permeability field
-
viscosity of the fluid
-
time for filling an elementary stream tube segment
-
standard deviation of a stochastic variable
-
probability distribution of arrival times (Gaussian) 相似文献
90.
We study arithmetical properties of homotopy groups of thel-adic completion of Quillen'sK-theory space of number field, with a view on the Dwyer-Friedlander comparison map into étaleK-theory. The relation of these groups toK-theory is a complete analogy to the relation of continuous étale cohomology to étale cohomology. We identify the torsion subgroup of the resulting
term with the subgroup of divisible elements inK
2n
(F). We prove that this
term is sent isomorphically into étaleK-theory, giving some further evidence for the Lichtenbaum-Quillen conjectures. 相似文献