一种把三角法应用于中、短距离测量的方法

三角法测距的原理公式中因变量、自变量及系统结构参数之间具有非线性关系,并且在系统结构确定之后,距离越远,单位距离变化在接收器件上的对应变化量越小,即测量分辨精度越低,测量精度与测量范围之间存在矛盾。通过采用一种新的距离分段的改进三角测距法,使远近距离都有一个比较适中的测量精度,较好地解决了测量精度与测量范围之间的矛盾。并给出其应用实例。     

微粒作用观的科学学习价值及其科学建构

宏观与微观相结合是化学研究的主要特征。从微观的角度科学认识和研究物质及其化学变化是化学学习的基本思维方式。本文在探讨微粒作用观科学学习价值的基础上,提出了微粒作用观建构的3个原则,以丰富的实例阐述了微粒作用观建构的若干策略。     

Instantons on General Noncommutative R^4＊

We study the U(1) and U(2) instanton solutions of gauge theory on general nonocmmutative R^4,In all cases considered we obtain explicit results for the projection operators.In some cases we computed numberically the instanton charge and found that it is an integer independent of the noncommutative parametersθ1,2.     

对我国化学教学论学科建设与发展的反思

梳理最近50多年来我国现代化学教学论学科建设和发展中的重大事件,依随时间先后分为3个阶段进行了反思、研讨,提出了某些意见和建议.     

基于熵权法与协调度模型的宁波市生态文明评价

生态文明评价研究是评估城市或区域生态文明建设进程、诊断生态文明建设问题的重要环节, 是探索科学生态文明实践模式的理论前提. 从经济转型、社会和谐、环境友好、空间优化四方面构建生态文明评价指标体系, 采用熵权法确定指标权重, 并运用协调度模型从时、空双维度实证评价宁波10年来的生态文明水平及其演化. 研究发现: (1)2002~2011年宁波生态文明水平呈上升趋势, 生态文明发展趋向科学化, 但稳定性较差, 尚未形成持久动力; (2) 10年间宁波的社会、环境、空间子系统整体趋好, 但经济子系统协调度较低; (3)2011年宁波各行政单元的生态文明综合协调度呈市区高于外围, 北部高于南部的分布特点; (4)聚类将6个县区归为4类, 即宁海与象山亟待全面提升型、余姚与奉化低水平环境友好型、慈溪高水平环境友好型、市区生态文明高质型.     

Solid-Phase Synthesis of Oligosaccharides: Construction of a Dodecasaccharide

Complicated oligosaccharides such as dodecasaccharide 1 can be constructed by a new solid-phase strategy. The attachment to the polymeric support (gray sphere) is through a photolabile linker (structure I ), and thioglycosides serve as carbohydrate donors. Bn=benzyl, Bz=benzoyl.     

Constructions of optimal packing designs

Let v and k be positive integers. A (v, k, 1)-packing design is an ordered pair (V, B) where V is a v-set and B is a collection of k-subsets of V (called blocks) such that every 2-subset of V occurs in at most one block of B. The packing problem is mainly to determine the packing number P(k, v), that is, the maximum number of blocks in such a packing design. It is well known that P(k, v) ≤ ⌊v⌊(v − 1)/(k − 1)⌋/k⌋ = J(k, v) where ⌊×⌋ denotes the greatest integer y such that y ≤ x. A (v, k, 1)-packing design having J(k, v) blocks is said to be optimal. In this article, we develop some general constructions to obtain optimal packing designs. As an application, we show that P(5, v) = J(5, v) if v ≡ 7, 11 or 15 (mod 20), with the exception of v ∈ {11, 15} and the possible exception of v ∈ {27, 47, 51, 67, 87, 135, 187, 231, 251, 291}. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Combin Designs 6: 245–260, 1998     

The difference methods for the solution of singular-perturbation for the elliptic-parabolic differential equation

In this paper it is discussed the difference method for the solution of singular perturbation problems for the elliptic equations, involving small parameter in the higher derivatives. As ε= 0 the original equations are degenerated into the parabolic equations.Authors constructed special difference schemes by means of the boundary layer properties of the solutions of these problems as well as investigated the convergence of this scheme and asymptotic behaviour of the solutions. Finally, a numerical example is given.     

沿海发达地区小城镇城乡建设用地变化及驱动力研究——以宁波市奉化溪口镇为例

基于奉化溪口镇1990~2015年6期土地利用数据, 借助土地利用转移矩阵、城乡建设用地扩展速度、土地利用动态度、土地利用结构信息熵、核密度和Logistic回归模型等方法, 探析奉化溪口镇城乡建设用地变化特征和驱动因子. 结果表明: (1)1995~2015年, 溪口镇城乡建设用地规模不断扩大, 增长速度不稳定, 城镇用地、农村居民点用地和其他建设用地增长各具特点; (2)建设用地信息熵持续增加, 土地类型趋于复杂化、有序化; (3)城乡建设用地的转入面积远大于转出面积, 主要转入来源为耕地和林地; (4)城乡建设用地核密度高值区集聚于城镇的东北部, 核密度分布特征随时间变化不明显; (5)建设用地分布主要受社会经济因素的影响, 其中地均国内生产总值、人口密度、高程值与距河流距离影响较大.     

STRENGTH CRITERION FOR PLAIN CONCRETE UNDER MULTIAXIAL STRESS BASED ON DAMAGE POISSON＇S RATIO

A new unified strength criterion in the principal stress space has been proposed for use with normal strength concrete （NC） and high strength concrete （HSC） in compressioncompression-tension, compression-tension-tension, triaxial tension, and biaxial stress states. The study covers concrete with strengths ranging from 20 to 130 MPa. The conception of damage Poisson＇s ratio is defined and the expression for damage Poisson＇s ratio is determined basically. The failure mechanism of concrete is illustrated, which points out that damage Poisson＇s ratio is the key to determining the failure of concrete. Furthermore, for the concrete under biaxial stress conditions, the unified strength criterion is simplified and a simplified strength criterion in the form of curves is also proposed. The strength criterion is physically meaningful and easy to calculate, which can be applied to analytic solution and numerical solution of concrete structures.