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We use surrogate analysis and constraint pairing in multidimensional knapsack problems to fix some variables to zero and to separate the rest into two groups – those that tend to be zero and those that tend to be one, in an optimal integer solution. Using an initial feasible integer solution, we generate logic cuts based on our analysis before solving the problem with branch and bound. Computational testing, including the set of problems in the OR-library and our own set of difficult problems, shows our approach helps to solve difficult problems in a reasonable amount of time and, in most cases, with a fewer number of nodes in the search tree than leading commercial software. 相似文献
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Persistence length is a significant criterion to characterize the semi-flexibility of DNA molecules. The mechanical constraints applied on DNA chains in new single-molecule experiments play a complex role in measuring DNA persistence length; however, there is a difficulty in quantitatively characterizing the mechanical constraint effects due to their complex interactions with electrostatic repulsions and thermal fluctuations. In this work, the classical buckling theory of Euler beam and Manning’s statistical theories of electrostatic force and thermal fluctuation force are combined for an isolated DNA fragment to formulate a quantitative model, which interprets the relationship between DNA persistence length and critical buckling length. Moreover, this relationship is further applied to identify the mechanical constraints in different DNA experiments by fitting the effective length factors of buckled fragments. Then, the mechanical constraint effects on DNA persistence lengths are explored. A good agreement among the results by theoretical models, previous experiments, and present molecular dynamics simulations demonstrates that the new superposition relationship including three constraint-dependent terms can effectively characterize changes in DNA persistence lengths with environmental conditions, and the strong constraint-environment coupling term dominates the significant changes of persistence lengths; via fitting effective length factors, the weakest mechanical constraints on DNAs in bulk experiments and stronger constraints on DNAs in single-molecule experiments are identified, respectively. Moreover, the consideration of DNA buckling provides a new perspective to examine the bendability of short-length DNA. 相似文献
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Y. Y. Fan R. E. Kalaba H. H. Natsuyama F. E. Udwadia 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》2005,127(3):475-484
The Gauss principle of least constraint is derived from a new point of view. Then, an extended principle of least constraint
is derived to cover the case of nonideal constraints. Finally, a version of the principle for general underdetermined systems
is adumbrated. Throughout, the notion of generalized inverses of matices plays a prominent role. 相似文献
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有序样品的固体核磁共振(NMR)已快速发展成测定蛋白质和多肽在“仿真”水化磷脂层中高分辨结构的重要谱学方法. 由于与膜相连的蛋白质和多肽的结构、动力学和功能往往都和其周边自然环境密切相关,因此人们把蛋白质和多肽有序排列于水化磷脂层中进行固体NMR测量, 从而获得与取向相关的各向异性自旋相互作用. 这些取向约束可作为结构参数重构蛋白质在水化磷脂层中的高分辨三维结构. 近十年来在样品制备,NMR探头和实验方法方面的显著发展,极大地促进了有序样品的固体NMR的发展,并使之成为测定与膜相连的蛋白质和多肽结构的有效方法. 该综述介绍有序样品的固体NMR谱学方法,并总结此领域里的最新研究进展. 相似文献
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统计模型中均方误差的区间估计 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文研究了带线性约束条件的线性统计模型(Ⅰ)与(Ⅱ)中参数β的估计量βH的均方误差MSE(βH),并分别给出了其1—a置信区间. 相似文献
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