Steroid template associated peptides: design, synthesis and 2D NMR characterization of a novel protected 18-Phe,19-Gly-containing steroidal compound

We report herein the synthesis of a novel modified steroid with two rigidly positioned amino acids in C- and N-protected forms (Gly-O^tBu and N-Fmoc-l-Phe) at the angular positions (C-18 methylamino group and C-19 carboxylic function) of the steroid nucleus via amide bonds, starting from 18-cyanopregnenolone acetate over 10 steps. In an attempt to gain more insight into the structural and conformational features of this novel 18-Phe,19-Gly-containing steroidal compound, we describe the detailed 2D NMR spectral analysis. Despite the large size and the conformational flexibility of the amino acid units in this molecule, conformational analysis by NOESY connectivities showed the existence of mainly one conformation (∼95%) in CDCl₃ solution with approximately parallel orientation of the phenylalanine and glycine moieties.     

Ionic interactions in solutions. II. The theoretical basis of the equilibrium between free and pairwise associated ions

It is shown from recent results based on the statistical mechanics treatment of ionic solutions that the notion of an equilibrium between free ions and paired ions which wasa priori introduced in the chemical model of Bjerrum is essentially correct. The mass-action law which is deduced from such a model is indeed derivable from the more exact treatments of Mayer, Rasaiah, and Friedman starting directly from Hamiltonian models and without any assumptions as to the chemical structure of the ionic solute in the solution. The transformation relation from a primitive-model result to any short-range Hamiltonian model equation is given. It allows a simple mathematical treatment of experimental data for dilute solutions, the derivation of useful information on the Gurney solvation effects, and an interpretation of the multistep association concept.     

检测实验室如何开展质量体系内部审核工作

详细论述了审核的基本概念、开展质量体系内部审核工作的必要性、如何开展质量体系内部审核工作以及中国实验室国家认可委员会的有关政策。     

Mathematics education graduate students’ understanding of trigonometric ratios

This study describes mathematics education graduate students’ understanding of relationships between sine and cosine of two base angles in a right triangle. To explore students’ understanding of these relationships, an elaboration of Skemp's views of instrumental and relational understanding using Tall and Vinner's concept image and concept definition was developed. Nine students volunteered to complete three paper and pencil tasks designed to elicit evidence of understanding and three students among these nine students volunteered for semi-structured interviews. As a result of fine-grained analysis of the students’ responses to the tasks, the evidence of concept image and concept definition as well as instrumental and relational understanding of trigonometric ratios was found. The unit circle and a right triangle were identified as students’ concept images, and the mnemonic was determined as their concept definition for trigonometry, specifically for trigonometric ratios. It is also suggested that students had instrumental understanding of trigonometric ratios while they were less flexible to act on trigonometric ratio tasks and had limited relational understanding. Additionally, the results indicate that graduate students’ understanding of the concept of angle mediated their understanding of trigonometry, specifically trigonometric ratios.     

OBE理念下化学教育硕士教育实习评价体系的构建

为解决化学教育硕士教育实习评价存在的问题,基于OBE(成果导向)理念,聚焦化学教育硕士毕业时“学到了什么”“能做什么”以及毕业后5年应具备的职业能力,从“实习表现、教学工作、班主任工作、教学研究工作”等4个维度出发,开发出包含14个二级指标、65个三级指标的实习评价量表,并建立起与“实习准备阶段、实习实施阶段、实习总结阶段”相对应的“监控—调节—改进”环节以保障实习质量,最终形成了“四维三阶”的闭环式教育实习评价体系,规范了化学教育硕士教育实习评价方式,提高了教育实习质量。     

Combining amperometry and mass spectrometry as a dual detection approach for capillary electrophoresis

Dual detection concepts (DDCs) are becoming more and more popular in analytical chemistry. In this work, we describe a novel DDC for capillary electrophoresis (CE) consisting of an amperometric detector (AD) and a mass spectrometer (MS). This detector combination has a good complementarity as the AD exhibits high sensitivity, whereas the MS provides excellent selectivity. Both detectors are based on a destructive detection principle, making a serial detector arrangement impossible. Thus, for the realization of the DDC, the CE flow was divided into two parts with a flow splitter. The DDC was characterized in a proof-of-concept study with ferrocene derivates and a nonaqueous background electrolyte. We could show that splitting the CE flow was a suitable method for the instrumental realization of the DDC consisting of two destructive detectors. By lowering the height of the AD compared to the MS, it was possible to synchronize the detector responses. Additionally, for the chosen model system, we confirmed that the AD was much more reproducible and had lower limits of detection (LODs) than the MS. The LODs were identical for the DDC and the single-detection arrangements, indicating no sensitivity decrease due to the CE flow splitting. The DDC was successfully applied to determine the drug and doping agent trimetazidine.     

有机化学在线开放课程的建设与探索

将interactive learning（交互性学习）,inspirational learning（启发式学习）和institutional learning（学院化学习）理念融入有机化学课程中,从教学目标、课程结构与内容、教学技术和方法、开放课程管理等方面入手,开展了有机化学在线课程建设与实践探索。在建立和完善在线预习测试、在线习题训练、期末考核制度的基础上,着力训练学生自主学习和探究性学习的能力,并着重考查学生对有机化学基本理论与方法的掌握与应用程度。最终达到提升学生自我更新知识、主动获取知识、灵活运用知识能力的目的。     

用勒夏特列原理分析浓度对Fe3+和SCN-显色反应的影响

Fe3+和SCN-的络合反应灵敏、颜色变化明显,考虑中学阶段教学的过渡性,侧重利用勒夏特列原理,从发生氧化还原反应、改变溶液的酸碱性、加入其他配位离子等3个角度分析浓度对该显色反应的影响。     

初中化学核心概念相异构想调查研究——以“酸、碱、盐”为例

采用自编的二段式多项选择诊断测验为研究工具,对55名初三学生“酸、碱、盐”核心概念的相异构想进行调查研究,诊断了学生头脑中存在的相异构想并探析了产生这些相异构想的成因和主要来源,为中学化学教师进行概念转变教学及相关研究提供一定的依据和思路。