基于理化指标及主成分分析的葵花籽油品质综合评价指标的建立

研究了105℃和180℃氧化条件下葵花籽油理化指标(过氧化值、共轭二、三烯、茴香胺值、酸价、碘值和极性化合物)的变化规律,就理化指标对油脂总体品质变化的贡献度进行了主成分分析,建立了可有效表征葵花籽油在相应条件下品质变化的综合评价指标。结果表明:随着氧化时间的延长、温度的升高,共轭二、三烯、茴香胺值、酸价和极性化合物的升高趋于显著(P≤0.05),而碘值则均呈下降趋势;通过对各理化指标的总体变化率以及与油脂不饱和度和常用理化指标的相关性分析,发现过氧化值、共轭二烯、茴香胺值(105℃)或共轭二烯、茴香胺值、极性化合物(180℃)可有效表征葵花籽油的品质变化;成功建立了评判葵花籽油品质变化的综合指标,并确定其临界值分别为-0.189(105℃)和0.727(180℃);此外,可通过对共轭二烯和茴香胺值的主成分分析有效区分在105℃或180℃下氧化葵花籽油的品质变化。     

利用改进的内梅罗指数法模型评价苏州市内外城河水质

采用改进的内梅罗指数法评价苏州市内外城河的水质污染状况。计算水质的分级标准临界值,以此作为评价水质污染状况的依据。研究结果表明,苏州市内外城河6个采样点的水质污染状况不同,各个点位的水质随时间变化显著(5月、9月、11月较好)。通过Pearson相关性分析可知,影响水质的主要因素是营养元素(氨氮、总氮和总磷)及重金属(6价铬)。对比改进前后的两种评价方法,改进的内梅罗指数法对水质污染状况的评价更为科学客观。     

Chemical composition and antimicrobial evaluation of the essential oils of Bocageopsis pleiosperma Maas

Essential oils from the leaves, twigs and barks of Bocageopsis pleiosperma Maas were obtained by using hydrodistillation and analysed by using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Several compounds (51) were detected and identified, being β-bisabolene the main component in all aerial parts of the plant, with higher concentration in the leaves (55.77%), followed by barks (38.53%) and twigs (34.37%). In order to increase the biological knowledge about the essential oil of Bocageopsis species, antimicrobial activities were evaluated against the microorganisms Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Candida tropicalis, Candida dubliniensis, Candida glabrata and Candida albicans. The essential oil obtained from the barks exhibited a moderate effect against S. epidermidis ATCC 1228 (MIC = 250 μg/mL), while the other oils did not exhibit antimicrobial activity. These results represent the first report about the chemical composition of B. pleiosperma and the first antimicrobial evaluation with a Bocageopsis species.     

Influence of processing procedure on the quality of Radix Scrophulariae: A quantitative evaluation of the main compounds obtained by accelerated solvent extraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography

An improved high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection combined with accelerated solvent extraction method was used to simultaneously determine six compounds in crude and processed Radix Scrophulariae samples. Accelerated solvent extraction parameters such as extraction solvent, temperature, number of cycles, and analysis procedure were systematically optimized. The results indicated that compared with crude Radix Scrophulariae samples, the processed samples had lower contents of harpagide and harpagoside but higher contents of catalpol, acteoside, angoroside C, and cinnamic acid. The established method was sufficiently rapid and reliable for the global quality evaluation of crude and processed herbal medicines.     

Quality evaluation of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection and chemical fingerprinting coupled with chemometric analysis

An ultra high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection method is developed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of five water‐soluble compounds including danshensu, protocatechualdehyde, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, and salvianolic acid A in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. samples. Through method optimization, the five compounds all expressed good linearity (R² > 0.9990) in a wide concentration range together with satisfactory accuracy, precision, and stability. Moreover, through qualitative analysis of the chemical fingerprint combined with similarity analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, principle component analysis, and partial least‐squares discriminate analysis, we determined that the 13 batches of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. were similar in internal quality and the differences resulted from various cultivation environments, recovery elements, and others. Seen from the results of hierarchical cluster analysis and principle component analysis, the classification of 13 batches was in accordance, and partial least‐squares discriminate analysis technique was more suitable than the principle component analysis model to provide a distinct classification of test samples on the basis of their different components. Moreover, a permutation test verified the rationality of partial least‐squares discriminate analysis and variable importance plot showed that peaks 37 and 38 were the most significant variables in distinguishing the Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. samples. The idea of the quantitative and qualitative analysis of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. was convenient, sensitive, and comprehensive, which could be applied to evaluate the quality of more traditional Chinese medicines.     

云教学在化学师范生数字化实验课中的应用研究*

结合本校化学教学论实验的教学现状,融合云教学及翻转课堂理念对教学进行重构,设计并实施以“蓝墨云班课”云平台为师生互动桥梁的翻转课堂云教学。以中学化学数字化实验教学为例,让化学师范生以“学习者”和“未来教师”的双重角色体验翻转课堂云教学的学习过程,并利用SERVQUAL模型评价法对云教学进行数据分析、反馈完善。通过进一步问卷分析,了解到学生不仅熟练地掌握了所学知识内容,而且对翻转课堂模式与实施细节有了更为深刻的理解,最后对翻转课堂云教学及师范生教学提出了几点建议。     

基于Rasch模型的高中化学学科核心素养测评研究——以“变化观念与平衡思想”为例

以《普通高中化学课程标准(2017年版)》对“变化观念与平衡思想”素养的内涵描述和水平划分为例,开发高中生“变化观念与平衡思想”素养测试题,运用Rasch测量模型对工具的质量进行检验、优化并加以运用。结合测试数据调查了学生“变化观念与平衡思想”素养水平现状,分析了研究被试能力值的学校差异和班级差异,并对该素养培养提出建议。     

建设工程招标评标的模糊方法研究

通过对招标评标的系统分析，建立了评标指标体系，提出了模糊综合评价模型和评价方法，并通过典型实例说明了模型的应用。     

The effect of task on determination of habitual loudness

The purpose of this study was to investigate if there is an effect of task on determination of habitual loudness. Four tasks commonly used to elicit habitual loudness were compared (automatic speech, elicited speech, spontaneous speech, and reading aloud). Participants were adult female speakers (N=30) with normal voice. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) effect of task, with post-hoc analyses indicating that there was a statistically significant difference in habitual loudness elicited via automatic versus spontaneous speech (p < 0.05), and automatic speech versus reading aloud (p < 0.001). The issue of how habitual loudness is defined is considered. Implications of the use of one task for determination of habitual loudness are discussed, as is the possibility of a task effect on determination of other clinically useful vocal parameters.