春、夏季长江口溶解态重金属的时空分布特征及其污染评价

根据2009年春季（5月）和夏季（8月）对长江口的调查监测资料,研究了海水中溶解态重金属（Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、As、Hg）的时空分布特征,探讨了其影响机理,并对其污染水平进行了污染评价.结果表明,各重金属的质量浓度、空间波动程度在春、夏季,表、底层均存在一定的差异;Cu、Hg的污染最严重,且夏季污染水平高于春季;Cu与Pb之间有显著的正相关性,Zn与盐度之间有显著的负相关性,其余重金属与盐度之间无显著的相关性;各重金属的平面分布可以分为沿岸条带状高值区、沿岸-离岸联片高值区、点源发散状高值区;研究海域重金属的分布受自身特性和外界环境因子影响,沿岸高值区的形成主要受陆源输入和海水稀释的制约,离岸高值区的形成与悬浮体解吸和海底沉积物释放有关.     

Spatiotemporally inhomogeneous plastic flow of a bulk-metallic glass

With geometrically-constrained specimens, the spatiotemporally inhomogeneous deformation of a Zr-based bulk-metallic glass in uniaxial, quasistatic, compression was investigated. Decreasing the height/width ratio of specimens from 2 to 0.5 significantly increases the plastic strain from 2% to about 80%. Using an infrared camera, we first observe in situ dynamic shear-banding operations during compression at various strain rates. The shear banding is highly dependent on strain rates, either intermittent at the lower strain rate or successive at the higher strain rate. Scanning electron microscopy observations show the spatiality of the rate-dependent shear banding. The serrated plastic flow is a result of the shear-banding operations. At the lower strain rate, more simultaneous shear-banding operations result in more obvious serrations, while at the higher strain rate, fewer simultaneous shear-banding operations cause less obvious serrations.     

高能固体激光系统设计及性能评估

近年来高能固体激光器研究及小型电源技术取得了很大的进展,使得利用电源提供能量的高能激光器在近期的应用成为可望实现的目标.但由于高能激光系统设计复杂,且造价高,需要在激光系统设计制造之前对系统性价比进行优化,并对系统性能进行评估.其中选择激光器主要考虑激光波长位于大气窗口,使得经大气传输后激光能量衰减尽可能小;光学系统设计主要考虑物理光学效应的限制及增加自适应光学系统对大气效应引起的光束畸变进行校正.大气传输与补偿模拟程序可对包括高能激光系统、激光大气传输效应等进行全程数值模拟,从而可在高能激光系统设计制造之前对系统性能进行评估,或对现有高能激光系统性能及其对靶目标的损伤效果进行评估.     

Subjective probability and causality assessment

Serious adverse reactions to a drug usually occur too rarely to be identified in the clinical trials required to demonstrate efficacy before the drug can be put on the market. Instead, they are generally first encountered in the uncontrolled world of everyday clinical practice, and the industrial and national regulatory agencies that are responsible for drug safety must rely for their first indications of a possible drug-adverse event connection on case reports submitted to them by practitioners who observe an occurrence of the event in one of their patients taking the drug. A typical situation in the work of these agencies finds a group of experts assembled around a table reviewing a small series of case reports (perhaps as small as one!) that link a particular drug with a particular type of adverse event. The experts want to determine whether, for each case in their series, the available evidence indicates that the drug caused the adverse event to occur. How are they to proceed? This paper outlines an approach to this problem, based on the use of subjective probability.     

Adaptive bivariate Chebyshev approximation

We propose an adaptive algorithm which extends Chebyshev series approximation to bivariate functions, on domains which are smooth transformations of a square. The method is tested on functions with different degrees of regularity and on domains with various geometries. We show also an application to the fast evaluation of linear and nonlinear bivariate integral transforms. Work supported by the research project CPDA028291 “Efficient approximation methods for nonlocal discrete transforms” of the University of Padova, and by the GNCS-INdAM.     

Interacting environmental influences: Concepts of synergism,antagonism, and superposition

Since an enormous number of different pollutants is usually simultaneously present in a certain environmental area, it must be expected that interactions between these pollutants may occur frequently. Nevertheless, not very much is known about the combined impact of several pollutants and the environmental policy ignores these effects in defining pollution standards and limits just for single pollutants. Moreover, it is not at all clear how these effects should precisely be described. Starting from definitions of interactions between different environmental influences introduced by Ott [7] and one of the present authors [8], new concepts of synergism (and antagonism and superposition) in a deterministic context will be presented. It is analyzed which properties an environmental quality index has to have in order to describe such interactions.     

基于广义熵的虚拟企业合作伙伴遴选综合评价系统

合作伙伴的评价选择是虚拟企业合作关系运行的基础，合作伙伴的业绩对核心企业的影响越来越大。本在广泛调研的基础上，提出包含评价专家自身权重的广义熵综合评价模型，并结合实例开发出计算机进选支持系统，以辅助盟主企业进行决策。     

影响城市地价最优因素组合的选择及权重确定

笔者在城市土地定级估价综合模型[1] 的基础上 ,应用最优回归自变量集的选择方法[2 ] ,得到了影响城市地价最优因素组合的选择方法及权重的确定方法 ,并将其实际应用于山西省古交市的地产评估 ,结果表明 ,该方法比现行方法节省经费且使评估结果更符合实际。     

Subjective Evaluation of Discomfort in Sitting Positions

We study the modelling of the subjective sensation of discomfort for subjects seated during a long time, in terms of local discomforts. The methodology uses fuzzy measures and integrals in a multicriteria decision making process, which enables the modelling of complex interaction between variables. Results of the experiment are detailed, giving models with respect to different kinds of discomfort, and to different macro-zones of the body.     

Semantics and pragmatics of fuzzy sets and systems

A philosophical formalism of a new methodological aspect of humanistic systems design and evaluation is given. A requisite concept of context-dependency is highlighted, and some approaches to fuzzy sets and linguistics subsequently extended. It is consequently shown that a mathematical theory of pragmatic fuzzy subsets is not only conceptually possible but practically implementable in man-machine studies as well. Thus, the important context-dependent implication of the subjective nature of Zadeh's theory of fuzzy sets can be better exploited.As a pragmatic theory, the approach here is a seeming connection between pragmatism and ontology, concepts that are traditionally diametrically opposed to each other. The attitude adopted has been the equation of pragmatism and psychophysical measurements of ontological objects (noumena). Pragmatism is tacitly defined as a form of empiricism whereby linguistic constructs (i.e., linguistic-variable denotions) that represent any aspect(s) of a humanistic system are nothing more than an operational procedure used to achieve psychophysical measurements of the aspect(s). In this fashion, pragmatism would enable the contents of assertions, which are made through declarative propositions, about humanistic systems to be deciphered within relevant contexts. For pragmatism, direct sense experience provides both the meaning and the criterion of reality judgements. The context-dependent nature of the physical reality of ontological entities is, therefore, better understood pragmatically vis-a-vis the appropriate evaluative criteria and interpretative conventions.By emphasizing the distinction between a fuzzy system (naturally fuzzified) and a fuzzified mathematical structure (meta-mathematically fuzzified), the use of the standard fuzzy topologies is justified although it is conceptually possible to develop a yet more general topology or perhaps an alternative one especially in the case of a meta-mathematically fuzzified structure. However, for the express purpose of machine implementation, a naturally fuzzified system, such as a (complex) humanistic system, is more amenable to an initial test of the philosophy of pragmatic fuzzy subsets. Consequently, the fuzzy topology and spaces employed are intended to be devoid of extensive generalities, in this instance.