长江三角洲环境地质调查评价GIS管理系统建设初探

长江三角洲是一个人口稠密、经济高度发达的地区 ,该区地质结构复杂、环境地质条件十分脆弱 ,长期以来因过量开采地下水 ,形成大面积区域性水位降落漏斗 ,诱发了相当严重的地面沉降、地裂缝等地质灾害 ,给当地经济可持续发展带来严重威胁。本文从开展长江三角洲环境地质调查评价的现实意义出发 ,探讨了长江三角洲环境地质调查评价GIS管理系统的系统目标、开发模式以及实现步骤 ,概括介绍了系统所应具有的功能 ,为长江三角洲项目信息系统建设提出了一条可行性思路。     

A Micromechanics Study of Lamellar TiAl

Microdeformation patterns of lamellar TiAl specimens with various grain sizes under uniaxial tension are mapped using the micro/nano experimental mechanics technique called SIEM (Speckle Interferometry w ith Electron Microscopy). The stress–strain relationships were obtained from deformations within decreasing areas ranging from mm² to μm². We found that the stress–strain relationship of the material depends on the size of strain measuring area in relation to the grain size. The stiffness at a grain boundary can be as large as 7–10 times more than that of the grain itself. From the data obtained so far, it seems that the traditional way of using PST (polysynthetically twinned) single crystal to predict polycrystalline behavior may not be appropriate.     

Impacts of appearance parameters on perceived image quality for mobile-phone displays

In order to investigate the perceived image quality (IQ) influenced by different image appearance parameters, a psychophysical experiment was carried out on two mobile-phone displays of different technologies, the in-plane switching (IPS) and the active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED). The test images were generated within a wide range of variations by applying various manipulation methods, involving changes in several kinds of image appearance parameters, i.e. lightness, chroma, hue, and spatial frequency. The perceived attributes of naturalness, colourfulness, brightness, contrast, sharpness, clearness, preference, and overall IQ were visually assessed via categorical judgement method for several application types of test images. The impacts of the manipulation methods on individual attributes have been deeply discussed based on the interrelationships of these attributes, which reveal that the significant parameters towards better overall IQ for mobile-phone displays include high lightness, suitable chroma and lightness frequency distribution, and impartial hue, accordingly better image quality will be accomplished after all these parameters have been optimised at the same time. The achievements of this study would provide constructive instructions on achieving excellent display effects for researchers and manufactories of mobile-phone displays.     

基于云重心评估法和熵值法的装备技术状态评估

装备技术状态评估是状态维修的关键环节,对维修决策有重要的支持作用。针对装备的监测信息和历史数据的模糊性和随机性,提出了基于云重心评估法的装备技术状态评估模型。同时,充分利用云理论特征值之一的熵,通过熵值法得到指标权重,避免了主观评价造成的误差。采用加权偏离度最终确定技术状态,构成定性属性值与定量属性值的映射关系。通过实例,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

工业IEEE802.15.4a标准无线网络性能测试设计与实现

Based on IEEE 802.15.4, a short-range wireless transmission technology has been widely used in industry. To evaluate the performance of the industrial wireless networks, a wireless network performance test device is developed and the testing platform is set up. By testing for industrial wireless network control system, such the throughput, packet loss rate of the token cycle, control cycle, as performance indicators are obtained. It provides the powerful basis to improve the performance and evaluation industrial wireless network.     

建立完善物理实验课程成绩考评体系的研究与实践

建立完善的物理实验课程成绩考评体系体现了教学目标,也是对学生学习方法和内容的导向。本文提出以学生具体实验过程作为考核的基本依据,将实验课总成绩分解为单项实验成绩,又将单项实验成绩分解为"过程成绩"和"目标成绩",最终对学生的实验成绩作出科学、公正的评定。     

基于评价函数的光电定焦方法研究

以CCD和透镜作为光学成像系统,并以高斯公式作为基本测量原理,提出了基于定焦评价函数的图像处理方法来寻找光学系统的最清晰像面位置,以实现光学系统的自动定焦。实验选用了绝对方差函数、梯度向量模函数、梯度向量平方函数三种评价函数进行了验证,经过逐次逼近,确定出最清晰的像面位置。实验数据显示,定焦精度可达0．01mm。     

ICF微靶装配体图像清晰度评价方法

现有图像清晰度评价函数在对ICF微靶装配体图像的评价过程中,由于不同零件图像对比度的变化,评价函数极易失去其理想曲线特性,导致聚焦精度降低甚至调焦过程失败。针对这一问题,在分析离焦图像模糊原因的基础上,得出离焦图像究其本质为图像结构变化失真。利用Zernike矩具有描述图像结构特征这一特性,提出一种新的针对微靶装配体图像的清晰度评价函数。评价函数由图像不同阶Zernike矩的线性组合构成,通过调节权重系数来实现微靶装配体不同零件图像的清晰度评价。实验结果表明:相较于现有的评价函数,新的评价函数在对微靶装配体图像评价过程中保持了函数的理想曲线特性,尤其是针对低对比度图像,其在灵敏度和抗噪性方面具有明显优势。     

航空相机动态调制传递函数分析与研究

影像位移是影响航空相机分辨率的主要因素。用MTF对动态成像质量做出评价,确立合理的稳定系统性能指标,是设计过程中常用的手段。为此研究了匀速运动,变速运动和正弦运动条件下的动态MTF,针对目前无法准确评价的低频正弦运动,提出了基于离散相位区间的动态MTF计算方法。分析结果表明,在像模糊斑大小相同的情况下,高频振动对像质的破坏最严重,直线运动次之,低频振动最轻。根据所作分析可以针对给定的影像位移计算出相应的动态MTF,为航空相机像质评价提供了准确定量的参考。     

立体图像质量的主观评价方案

立体图像质量评价在立体图像压缩、处理以及通信领域中有着十分重要的作用,一种好的立体图像质量客观评价方法也要依赖于立体图像的主观评价.本文基于人眼的立体视觉特性,提出了相对完整的立体图像质量主观评价方案,该方案主要分为立体图像库的建立、评测者的选择、观看条件的描述、评测者的训练和测试、数据处理和实验结果分析六个方面.实验中,评测者根据自己的主观感受,对所选取的立体图像进行评分,最后用数理统计理论对所得数据进行处理.结果表明,本文所提出的主观评价方案可行,能够正确反映立体图像质量的优劣.