OMS-2/堇青石整体式催化剂的制备及其对二甲醚燃烧的催化性能

 以有机物为粘合剂, 采用涂覆法制备了氧化锰八面体分子筛 (OMS-2)/堇青石整体式催化剂, 采用热重-差热分析、扫描电镜、X 射线衍射、H2 程序升温还原和 O2 程序升温脱附等技术对催化剂进行了表征, 考察了有机粘合剂种类及其用量对二甲醚 (DME) 催化燃烧性能的影响. 结果表明, 在有机粘合剂聚乙烯醇 1799 (其质量含量为 3%) 的作用下, OMS-2 以相互交织的簇体均匀分布于堇青石表面, 且粘附力较强, 制备的整体式催化剂在 DME 催化燃烧中表现出最优的催化性能, 起燃温度 T10 = 169 oC, 完全转化温度 T90 = 243 oC; 催化剂使用后再经高温焙烧其活性仍能保持稳定, 表现出较高的重复使用性.     

纳米碳酸钙微观特征及其促进燃煤脱硫特性研究

为了研究纳米碳酸钙和纳米添加剂在促进燃煤脱硫中的特性,在ZCS-1智能测硫仪中进行纳米碳酸钙脱硫实验研究。结果表明,在炉温900℃、钙硫比为2的条件下,脱硫效率高达90%;1 150℃时达到50%以上。三种纳米碳酸钙的脱硫效果明显好于普通碳酸钙。研究还表明,粒径越小,脱硫效果越好;不同煤种对脱硫效率有较大影响,主要和煤中硫分的含量和硫的分布形态有关;温度是决定脱硫效果的主要因素,900℃下效果最好,超过1 100℃后效果明显下降。SEM和BET分析结果表明,纳米碳酸钙促进脱硫主要是由于其较为丰富的孔隙结构。添加纳米Al2O3和纳米ZnO都能在一定程度上促进纳米碳酸钙脱硫。其中,纳米Al2O3的效果较好,1 150℃能使脱硫效率提高20%左右,达到62%以上。     

微型气相色谱仪热导检测器放大电路设计

Agilent公司生产的Agilent 3000+系列色谱仪是微型气相色谱仪(micro GC)的典型代表,其热导检测器的信号放大电路和模数转换器(analog-to-digital convertor, ADC)存在功耗大、工作温度过高等不足.文中分析了micro GC电路的功能需求,从选用低噪声的24 bit Δ-Σ ADC ADS1255入手,设计了高共模电压容限、低噪声的全差分放大电路及其他外围电路,并且对全差分放大电路建立了噪声模型,计算了其噪声理论值,优化了系统设计参数.另外,还设计了一个测试平台,对所设计的全差分放大电路和ADC的性能进行了全面的测试评估,结果表明新设计的热导检测器放大电路与ADC的总噪声(以美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)标准值计)仅为1.25 μV,总功耗降低了3.7 W,满足micro GC的功能需求,而且可靠性高、体积小、结构简单,可用于新一代micro GC的研发和生产.     

国家燃烧热基准的技术改造

对国家燃烧热基准进行了全面改造?改造后的燃烧热计量基准装置一体化、仪器化、自动化程度大大提高,测量结果准确可靠,为燃烧热量值的溯源和传递提供了技术保证。     

Catalytic Combustion of Methane over Ti-Pillared Clay Supported Copper Catalysts

A natural montmorillonite, produced from Laiyang of Shandong Province, was pillared by Tipolycations to form Ti-pillared clay (Ti-PILC), and characterized by BET surface area, infrared spectra and thermal analysis. The characterization results show that Ti-PILC has a larger surface area and more hydroxyl groups than that of the natural clay, thus was used as the catalytic carriers to prepare supported Cu catalysts (Cu/TiopILC). The 20%Cu/Ti-PILC with 10mmol/g of Ti/clay shows a high catalytic performance of methane combustion in the temperature range of 400-500℃.     

HREELS signal processing via wavelets

In spectroscopy, the recorded spectra can often be modelled as the noisy convolution product of an instrumental function with the ‘true’ signal to be estimated. Such models have often been used for high‐resolution electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (HREELS). In this article, a new method is suggested to estimate the ‘true’ HREELS signal, i.e. the original electronic diffusion function with ‘true’ peak intensities. Our method relies upon the use of wavelets that, because they exhibit simultaneous time and frequency localization, are well‐suited for signal analysis. Firstly, a wavelet shrinkage algorithm is used to filter the noise. This is achieved by decomposing the noisy signal into an appropriate wavelet basis and then thresholding the wavelet coefficients that contain noise. This algorithm has a particular threshold related to frequency and time. Secondly, the broadening due to the instrumental response is eliminated through a deconvolution process. This step mainly rests on the existing relation between the Lipschitz regularity of the signal and the decay with scale of its wavelet coefficients and on least squares. The efficiency of this technique is highlighted by comparing the results obtained with those provided by other published methods. This work is the second in a series of three papers in this issue. The first one presents background knowledge on the wavelets required to understand the estimation methods. The third paper explores the application of wavelet filtering and deconvolution techniques to x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A review of recent advances in catalytic combustion of VOCs on perovskite-type catalysts

Along with the rapid development of industry, VOCs gradually move into the spotlight, and now become a kind of harmful environmental pollutants that cannot be overlooked. This paper introduces the hazards of VOCs and the common catalytic combustion catalysts, noble metal catalysts and non-noble metal catalysts, for the elimination of VOCs. Perovskite catalysts, as one of the non-noble catalysts, play an important role in the field of catalytic combustion in recent years. According to the classification of elements doping in perovskites, the research achievements in the past five years were analyzed and reviewed. In addition, this paper also analyzes and elaborates the reaction kinetics and QSAR/QSPR models for the introduction of structural properties and reaction mechanisms.     

Enhanced Thermal Decomposition Properties and Catalytic Mechanism of Ammonium Perchlorate over CuO/MoS2 Composite

In this report, CuO/MoS₂ composites were successfully prepared by the hydrothermal method where nano‐sized CuO was uniformly distributed on the surface of hierarchical MoS₂ substrates (CuO/MoS₂ composites). Their physicochemical properties and catalytic performance in ammonium perchlorate (AP) decomposition were investigated and characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, XPS, TG/DSC and combustion measurement. The results showed that it could decrease AP decomposition temperature at high decomposition stage from 416.5 °C to 323.5 °C and increase the heat release from 378 J/g (pure AP) to 1340 J/g (AP with catalysts), which was better than pure CuO nanoparticles (345.5 °C and 1046 J/g). Meanwhile, it showed excellent performance in combustion reaction either in N₂ or air atmosphere. The results obtained by photocurrent spectra, photoluminescence spectra and time‐resolved fluorescence emission spectra indicated that loading CuO mediated the generation rate and combination rate of electrons and holes, thus tuning the catalytic performance on AP decomposition. This study proved that employing the supports that can synergistically interact with CuO is an efficient strategy to enhance the catalytic performance of CuO.     

Mechanistic study of thermal behavior and combustion performance of epoxy resins: I homopolymerized TGDDM

Tetraglycidyl 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (TGDDM) undergoes homopolymerization on heating. Intramolecular reactions which compete with crosslinking favor the formation of cyclic structures with increasing thermal and fire resistance of the resin, whereas physical mechanical properties tend to decrease. The mechanism of thermal decomposition of TGDDM is studied by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and thermal volatilization analysis with characterization of volatiles evolved and residue left. Thermal degradation of poly-(TGDDM) starts at 260°C with elimination of water from secondary alcoholic groups which is a typical pathway for epoxy resin degradation. Resulting unsaturations weaken bonds in the β-position and provoke the first chain breaking at allyl–amine and allyl–either bonds. With increasing temperature, saturated alkyl–ether bonds and alkyl carbon–carbon bonds are broken first, followed by the most stable alkyl–aryl bonds at T>365°C. The combustion performance of TGDDM is discussed on the basis of the thermal degradation behavior.