纳米材料用于放疗防护的研究进展

放射治疗是利用高能射线抑制癌细胞增殖的治疗方法, 已广泛用于恶性肿瘤的治疗. 但是, 高能射线不可避免地会对机体的正常组织造成损害, 产生放疗相关副作用. 尽管目前有一些小分子放疗防护药物已应用于临床或处于临床前研究, 但其较短的血液循环时间和较快的新陈代谢速度极大地削弱了其防护效果. 近20年来, 随着纳米技术在生物医学领域的飞速发展, 纳米放疗防护剂的出现为提高防护效果提供了新的选择. 通过合理地设计和开发纳米放疗防护剂, 有望解决现有小分子放疗防护药物的缺陷. 鉴于纳米放疗防护剂具有诸多优势, 本Review概述了纳米放疗防护材料的常见设计策略, 同时分析了放射诱导的常见疾病的致病机制和纳米放疗防护材料防治各种放射诱导疾病的研究现状. 最后, 还讨论了纳米材料用于放疗防护所面临的挑战和未来前景.     

An analytical poroelastic model for laboratorial mechanical testing of the articular cartilage (AC)

The articular cartilage (AC) can be seen as a biphasic poroelastic material. The cartilage deformation under compression mainly leads to an interstitial fluid flow in the porous solid phase. In this paper, an analytical poroelastic model for the AC under laboratorial mechanical testing is developed. The solutions of interstitial fluid pressure and velocity are obtained. The results show the following facts. (i) Both the pressure and fluid velocity amplitudes are proportional to the strain loading amplitude. (ii) Both the amplitudes of pore fluid pressure and velocity in the AC depend more on the loading amplitude than on the frequency. Thus, in order to obtain the considerable fluid stimulus for the AC cell responses, the most effective way is to increase the loading amplitude rather than the frequency. (iii) Both the interstitial fluid pressure and velocity are strongly affected by permeability variations. This model can be used in experimental tests of the parameters of AC or other poroelastic materials, and in research of mechanotransduction and injury mechanism involved interstitial fluid flow.     

In vivo study on the protection of indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C) against the mouse acute alcoholic liver injury by micro‐Raman spectroscopy

Micro‐Raman spectroscopy (MRS) was utilized for the first time to evaluate the effect of indole‐3‐carbinol (I3C) on acute alcoholic liver injury in vivo. In situ Raman analysis of tissue sections provided distinct spectra that can be used to distinguish alcoholic liver injury as well as ethanol‐induced liver fibrosis from the normal state. Sixteen mice with liver diseases including acute liver injury and chronic liver fibrosis, and eight mice with normal liver tissues, and eight remedial mice were studied employing the Raman spectroscopic technique in conjunction with biomedical assays. The biochemical changes in mouse liver tissue when liver injury/fibrosis occurs such as the loss of reduced glutathione (GSH), and the increase of collagen (α‐helix protein) were observed by MRS. The intensity ratio of two Raman peaks (I₁₄₅₀/I₆₆₆) and in combination with statistical analysis of the entire Raman spectrum was found capable of classifying liver tissues with different pathological features. Raman spectroscopy therefore is an important candidate for a nondestructive in vivo screening of the effect of drug treatment on liver disease, which potentially decreases the time‐consuming clinical trials. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

惠东县乡镇学龄前儿童血铅水平分析

为了解惠东县乡镇3～6岁儿童血铅水平。采取随机与特定结合的方法,于2 0 0 4年1 0月～1 1月对惠东县5个乡镇的790名3～6岁儿童进行了血铅水平测定。检测采用全国统一的BH -2 1 0 0钨舟原子吸收仪及随机专用试剂进行。所有操作均严格按照要求进行。结果表明,惠东县乡镇3～6岁儿童血铅水平为(70 70±2 4 89) μg/L达到我国近年来5 2个调查结果所示的普通市区儿童血铅水平70～90 μg/L的下限。其中高于国际儿童铅中毒标准占9 6%。儿童的血铅水平存在明显的区域差异,制鞋工业乡镇较高。同时儿童血铅水平存在着性别差异。男童较女童偏高。提示不能忽视乡镇儿童铅污染情况,尤其是制鞋工业乡镇的儿童高血铅水平应引起有关部门重视。     

不同儿童群体的微量元素差异性研究

对梅州市不同群体少年儿童的微量元素进行了调查 ,并比较了他们体内微量元素含量的差异性     

佝偻病患者的全血微量元素分析

为探讨佝偻病与血微量元素的关系,检测了326例佝偻病患儿全血微量元素水平。结果显示,本组佝偻病40．1％的病例血锌低于第25百分位数值,病情严重组的血锌值明显低于病情较轻组,且有统计学意义,按全血锌百分位数值分布及结合资料,显示病情愈重低血锌病例愈多;病情较轻组的铁水平较病情严重组低,且有统计学意义,按全血铁百分位数值分布及结合资料亦显示,病情严重的佝偻病组铁在中位数以上的病例数较病情较轻的佝偻病组多,有统计学意义;本组佝偻病69．6％的病例血铅含量超过100μg/L,病情严重组的血铅值明显高于病情较轻组,且有统计学意义,按全血铅百分位数值分布结合资料,显示病情愈重高血铅的病例愈多。提示佝偻病的治疗需提高血锌水平及防治铅中毒。     

小儿支气管哮喘与微量元素临床研究

为探讨微量元素与小儿支气管哮喘的发病关系,以及观察用微量元素治疗小儿支气管哮喘的效果,随机选择支气管哮喘患儿病例72例,进行了全血微量元素Zn、Cu、Fe、Ca的检测,同时使用Zn及Ca制剂治疗,观察其疗效。结果表明,小儿支气管哮喘与Zn、Ca缺乏及免疫功能低下有密切关系,补充上述两种元素对提高其免疫功能进而提高本病疗效有重要价值。     

构造和评价奖惩系统的新方法

当知道一个奖惩系统的等级和保费水平时,利用信息熵提出并得到奖惩系统的理想概率分布．在保单中考虑人身伤亡索赔次数的二元模型,将奖惩系统的平稳概率分布与理想概率分布的差异,通过卡方值与多余度分别表现出来,将其作为评价奖惩系统的一个新工具．     

冬小麦冻害胁迫高光谱分析与冻害严重度反演

对冬小麦冻害严重度的精确反演是及时采取补救措施降低损失的关键,同时及时预测产量损失对政府职能部门也具有积极意义。针对冬小麦冻害群体严重度评估方法在经典统计反演模型存在估算效果不理想的情况下,以冬小麦为试验对象,首先对冬小麦冠层光谱反射率数据进行重采样平滑处理,再用主成分分析(PCA)技术对高光谱数据进行分析,进一步实现综合原始光谱主成分信息作为自变量参与冬小麦冻害严重度反演过程,最后采用决定系数R2、均方根误差RMSE、准确度Accuracy三种模型精度验证方法对模型进行评价。结果显示,基于主成分分析法建立冬小麦冻害严重度模型精度分别达0.697 5,0.184 2和0.697 5;同时对反演模型进行验证,其精度也分别达到0.630 9,0.350 3和1.339 6。因此,该方法能有效地对冬小麦冻害严重度进行快速、精确的反演。     

气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱稳定同位素稀释法测定被动吸烟儿童尿液中的可丁宁

建立了被动吸烟儿童尿液中可丁宁的气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱（GC-MS/MS）稳定同位素稀释测定方法。尿液经过三氯甲烷提取、净化,采用气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱多反应监测（MRM）模式测定,以可丁宁-d₃稳定同位素为内标,定量测定和确证被动吸烟儿童尿液中的可丁宁;在0.1~10 μg/L可丁宁质量浓度范围内方法的线性关系良好,相关系数r>0.998;空白尿液中添加可丁宁0.1、1.0和10 μg/L,回收率为79.2%~112.8%,相对标准偏差在2.1%~5.8%之间;方法定量限达到0.1 μg/L。该方法准确、灵敏、快速,适用于家庭被动吸烟儿童尿液中可丁宁的测定。