Listeria monocytogenes cells injured by high hydrostatic pressure and their recovery in nutrient-rich or -free medium during cold storage

ABSTRACT

Cells of Listeria monocytogenes suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were treated by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP; 500?MPa, 25°C, 10?min), diluted by ten folds using trypticase soy broth (TSB) or PBS, and stored at cold temperatures of 0–15°C. Viable cell count in TSB increased logarithmically close to the initial count at each storage temperature, while that in PBS increased temporarily and subsequently decreased to almost nondetectable level except the case at 15°C, where it showed logarithmic increase thereafter. Based on proliferation experiments where their healthy cells were inoculated to TSB or to PBS containing their heat-killed dead cells, it was suggested that increase in the viable count of HHP-treated cells in TSB and PBS could be ascribed to the recovery of colony forming ability and/or proliferation depending on the cold storage temperature.     

土壤表层湿度影响下冬小麦晚霜冻害及冠层光谱检测

为探究土壤表层湿度影响下冬小麦冠层光谱反射率响应晚霜冻害的特征,并检验敏感光谱波段预测小麦产量变化的能力,于2013和2014年小麦拔节期,分别设置了表层土壤含水量为10%(干)、10%~20%(中)和20%(湿)的三个湿度处理的冻前试验,并在低温室内进行降温处理。分析了不同土壤表层湿度下受冻冬小麦的穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、单株产量、冠层光谱反射率及其一阶微分值的差异,对冬小麦冻害产量变化率和高光谱特征参量进行了相关分析和一元线性拟合。结果表明:冬小麦穗粒数和单株产量总体上均随土壤表层湿度的降低而呈减少态势,在土壤表层干处理条件下冻害对冬小麦产量造成的影响最为显著(p0.05);在绿峰(523nm附近)、黄边(571nm附近)、红边(732nm附近)和近红外台的两个水分吸收带(952和1 145nm附近),干+冻害处理冬小麦冠层反射率的一阶微分值与中+冻害、湿+冻害处理的差值明显;剥离了土壤表层湿度对光谱的影响后,冬小麦冠层反射率一阶微分差值在以570nm为中心的黄边区域和以710nm为中心的红边区域对干、中和湿梯度处理下晚霜冻害响应的差异明显;两年试验中的黄边面积(SDy)和570nm处一阶微分值(d570)均与冻害产量变化率达到显著正相关(p0.05),说明黄边区域的高光谱特征参量可用于检测土壤表层湿度影响下的冬小麦晚霜冻害程度。本研究可为土壤表层湿度和晚霜冻害叠加影响下冬小麦产量变化预测方法的探讨提供参考。     

Hyperpolarized 83Kr MRI of lungs

Hyperpolarized (hp) ⁸³Kr (spin I = 9/2) is a promising gas-phase contrast agent that displays sensitivity to the surface chemistry, surface-to-volume ratio, and surface temperature of the surrounding environment. This proof-of-principle study demonstrates the feasibility of ex vivo hp ⁸³Kr magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of lungs using natural abundance krypton gas (11.5% ⁸³Kr) and excised, but otherwise intact, rat lungs located within a custom designed ventilation chamber. Experiments comparing the ⁸³Kr MR signal intensity from lungs to that arising from a balloon with no internal structure inflated to the same volume with krypton gas mixture suggest that most of the observed signal originated from the alveoli and not merely the conducting airways. The ⁸³Kr longitudinal relaxation times in the rat lungs ranged from 0.7 to 3.7 s but were reproducible for a given lung. Although the source of these variations was not explored in this work, hp ⁸³Kr T₁ differences may ultimately lead to a novel form of MRI contrast in lungs. The currently obtained 1200-fold signal enhancement for hp ⁸³Kr at 9.4 T field strength is found to be 180 times below the theoretical upper limit.     

Hepatoprotective Polysaccharides from Geranium wilfordii: Purification,Structural Characterization,and Their Mechanism

Traditional Chinese Medicine is generally used as a decoction to guard health. Many active ingredients in the decoction are chemical ingredients that are not usually paid attention to in phytochemical research, such as polysaccharides, etc. Based on research interest in Chinese herbal decoction, crude polysaccharides from G. wilfordii (GCP) were purified to obtain two relatively homogeneous polysaccharides, a neutral polysaccharide (GNP), and an acid polysaccharide (GAP) by various chromatographic separation methods, which were initially characterized by GC-MS, NMR, IR, and methylation analysis. Studies on the hepatoprotective activity of GCP in vivo showed that GCP might be a potential agent for the prevention and treatment of acute liver injury by inhibiting the secretion levels of ALT, AST, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and MDA expression levels, increasing SOD, and the GSH-Px activity value. Further, in vitro assays, GNP and GAP, decrease the inflammatory response by inhibiting the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α, involved in the STAT1/T-bet signaling pathway.     

基于气相气谱-质谱的代谢组学方法研究四氯化碳致小鼠急性肝损伤

建立了一种基于气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术的代谢组学分析方法。以CCl4致小鼠肝损伤模型为研究对象,检测了染毒小鼠肝组织和血浆中内源性代谢物随时间的变化情况,并运用主成分分析方法对这一变化过程进行模式识别。研究发现,随着染毒时间的推移,小鼠的整体代谢物谱存在着一定的变化规律。肝组织中苹果酸和部分游离脂肪酸含量升高;血浆中柠檬酸和部分氨基酸含量有所上升。这些代谢物的变化都与肝损程度密切相关,且变化趋势与肝组织病理检查结果一致。研究结果表明:GC-MS技术在代谢物谱的获取和代谢物鉴定方面具有优势,可作为核磁共振(NMR)技术的补充工具用于代谢组学研究。     

儿童反复呼吸道感染与血锌相关性研究

为探讨反复呼吸道感染患儿与血锌的相关关系,对因呼吸道感染住院或门诊治疗的患儿进行了静脉全血微量元素锌测定,其中复感儿35例,非复感儿40例。结果表明,复感儿低锌血症的百分率(82.9%)明显高于非复感儿(57.5%)(P>0.05)。提示低锌血症与儿童反复呼吸道感染具有密切关系,是儿童反复呼吸道感染的重要因素之一。     

原发肾病综合征患儿超声颈动脉参数、血清sTREM-1、suPAR水平变化及与急性肾损伤的相关性

选取原发性肾病综合征(PNS)患儿96例作为研究组,选取同期96例健康体检儿童作为对照组,开展前瞻性队列研究,均行超声颈动脉参数、血清可溶性髓系细胞表达的触发受体-1(sTREM-1)、可溶性尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体(suPAR)水平检测,并进行对比分析.本研究发现,研究组患儿颈动脉内中膜厚度(cIMT)、平均管壁横...     

病毒性心肌炎患儿微量元素的检测

为观察病毒性心肌炎(VMC)患儿血微量元素的变化,对15例VMC患儿及15例健康儿童进行了全血5种微量元素检测分析。结果表明,VMC患儿的全血锌、铜、镁含量明显低于健康儿童(P<0.05)。提示病毒性心肌炎患儿血部分微量元素含量存在异常。     

信宜市教育城幼儿园幼儿微量元素营养评估及分析

为了对信宜市教育城幼儿园幼儿微量元素营养进行评估,共采集了教育城幼儿园幼儿239例头发,其中男165例,女74例,用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定头发中的钙、锌、铁、铜、锰和铅的含量,其结果分别为：钙584．844-178．76μg/g,锌178．10±83．38μg/g,铁61．67±17．49μg／g,铜14．03±8．92μg／g,锰2．86±1．73μg／g,铅7．13±2．83μg／g。按照世界卫生组织的四级评估标准进行评估,钙、锌和锰等元素没有发现中度以上的营养缺乏现象,其中铁只有0．4％重度营养缺乏,铜只有8．0％中度营养缺乏,有害元素铅没有发现中度以上超标现象。比对结果,信宜市教育城幼儿园幼儿微量元素营养水平,远优于当地及周边城市的幼儿园幼儿。幼儿园幼儿微量元素营养是否均衡,应作为幼儿园总体评估指标之一。