基于气相色谱-质谱联用的血府逐瘀汤治疗大鼠颅脑损伤的血浆代谢组学研究

该文研究了血府逐瘀汤对颅脑损伤大鼠血浆代谢组的影响,采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对治疗组、模型组以及假手术组的血浆代谢物进行检测,定性定量分析了43种重要的代谢物。模型组和假手术组的t检验(t-test)结果显示13种代谢物存在显著差异。正交偏最小二乘-判别分析(OPLS-DA)分析结果也显示模型组和假手术组代谢差异明显。结合变量的投影重要性指标(VIP)及t检验结果,筛选出乳酸、组氨酸、棕榈酸、色氨酸、亚油酸、油酸、硬脂酸作为生物标志物。观测7种标志物在治疗组中第1、3、7、14 d的变化情况。结果显示:治疗组中乳酸、组氨酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、硬脂酸的相对浓度逐渐降低,色氨酸的相对浓度先降低后升高,油酸的相对浓度先升高后降低,且7种代谢物的相对浓度在第14 d时均接近于假手术组的水平。表明血府逐瘀汤对颅脑损伤具有一定的治疗作用,乳酸、组氨酸、棕榈酸、色氨酸、亚油酸、油酸、硬脂酸7种代谢物可以作为生物标志物监测颅脑损伤的治疗效果及恢复情况。     

Antioxidative,Antiapoptotic, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Apamin in a Murine Model of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Sepsis is the major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in severely ill patients, but only limited therapeutic options are available. During sepsis, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin derived from bacteria, activates signaling cascades involved in inflammatory responses and tissue injury. Apamin is a component of bee venom and has been shown to exert antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the effect of apamin on LPS-induced AKI has not been elucidated. Here, we show that apamin treatment significantly ameliorated renal dysfunction and histological injury, especially tubular injury, in LPS-injected mice. Apamin also suppressed LPS-induced oxidative stress through modulating the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 and heme oxygenase-1. Moreover, tubular cell apoptosis with caspase-3 activation in LPS-injected mice was significantly attenuated by apamin. Apamin also inhibited cytokine production and immune cell accumulation, suppressed toll-like receptor 4 pathway, and downregulated vascular adhesion molecules. Taken together, these results suggest that apamin ameliorates LPS-induced renal injury through inhibiting oxidative stress, apoptosis of tubular epithelial cells, and inflammation. Apamin might be a potential therapeutic option for septic AKI.     

Protective Effect of Thymus serrulatus Essential Oil on Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats,through Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Downregulation of NF-κB,iNOS, and Smad2 mRNA Expression

The purpose of the research was to examine the protective effect of essential oil from Thymus serrulatus Hochst. ex Benth. (TSA oil) against cadmium (Cd)-induced renal toxicity. The experimental protocol was designed using 30 healthy adult Wistar albino rats allocated into five groups containing six animals in each group. Group 1 was treated as normal control and groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were treated with cadmium chloride (CdCl₂, 3 mg/kg, IP) for 7 days. Group 3 was also treated with silymarin (100 mg/kg, PO) as a standard group, while groups 4 and 5 were administered with TSA oil at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg PO, respectively. The nephrotoxicity was measured with various parameters such as kidney function markers, oxidative stress markers (glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA)), and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inflammatory factors. The histological studies were also evaluated in the experimental protocol. The CdCl₂-treated groups showed a significant increase in the levels of serum kidney function markers along with MDA levels in kidney homogenate. However, renal GSH level was found to be reduced significantly. It was found that CdCl₂ significantly upregulated the nuclear factor levels of kappaB (NF-κB p65), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad2) as compared to the normal control group. On the other hand, TSA oil significantly improved the increased levels of serum kidney function markers, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and lipid peroxidation. In addition, TSA oil significantly downregulated the increased expression of NF-κB p65, iNOS, and Smad2 in Cd-intoxicated rats. Moreover, the histological changes in the tissue samples of the kidney of Cd-treated groups were significantly ameliorated in the silymarin- and TSA-oil-treated groups. The present study reveals that TSA oil ameliorates Cd-induced renal injury, and it is also proposed that the observed nephroprotective effect could be due to the antioxidant potential of TSA oil and healing due to its anti-inflammatory action.     

原发肾病综合征患儿超声颈动脉参数、血清sTREM-1、suPAR水平变化及与急性肾损伤的相关性

选取原发性肾病综合征(PNS)患儿96例作为研究组,选取同期96例健康体检儿童作为对照组,开展前瞻性队列研究,均行超声颈动脉参数、血清可溶性髓系细胞表达的触发受体-1(sTREM-1)、可溶性尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物受体(suPAR)水平检测,并进行对比分析.本研究发现,研究组患儿颈动脉内中膜厚度(cIMT)、平均管壁横...     

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍与血铅水平关系的探讨

对 8 0例ADHD患儿进行了血铅水平测定和行为评定 (Conners多动症评分量表 ) ,并设60例对照组。结果表明ADHD组血铅水平为 1 5 7 94± 4 1 1 3μg/L ,对照组为 94 73± 2 9 93μg/L ,其中儿童铅中毒发生率 ,ADHD组为 88 75 % ( 71 /80 ) ,对照组为 4 0 0 0 % ( 2 4 /60 ) ,经统计学处理 ,两组资料均具显著性差异 ;ADHD组经降铅治疗后血铅水平明显下降 ,同时反映ADHD临床症状的Conners评分亦明显下降。提示轻度铅中毒可能是ADHD的病因之一。建议在诊治ADHD时 ,采用相应的检测和治疗手段 ,将有助于ADHD的治疗     

Ethyl Acetate Extract from Artemisia argyi Prevents Liver Damage in ConA-Induced Immunological Liver Injury Mice via Bax/Bcl-2 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathways

Background: Immunological liver injury (ILI) is a common liver disease and lacks potent drugs for treatment. Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Vant. (A. argyi), a medicinal and edible homologous plant usually used in diet therapy to cure various liver diseases, provides a great option for the prevention of ILI. Purpose: To investigate the effect that ethyl acetate extract of A. argyi (AaEA) on Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced ILI and the mechanism of regulating Bax/Bcl-2 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways. Methods: The chemical components of AaEA were studied by LC-MS. In animal experiments, the positive control group was administrated diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DIG, 100 mg/kg), while different doses of AaEA groups (AaEA-H, AaEA-M, AaEA-L) were pretreated with AaEA 2.00, 1.00, and 0.50 g/kg, respectively, by intragastric for seven days, once every day. Then, ConA (12.00 mg/kg) was used through tail intravenous injection to establish the ILI model. The blood samples and livers were collected to test the degree of liver dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, histopathological changes, and cell apoptosis. Real-time PCR and Western blotting analysis were used to explain the mechanism of regulating Bax/Bcl-2 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways. Results: The way in which AaEA prevents liver damage in immunological liver injury (ILI) mice caused by ConA was investigated for the first time. Pretreatment with AaEA reduced the expression of ALT, AST, and inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IFN-γ). Meanwhile, AaEA also reduced MDA levels but upregulated the contents of IL-4, SOD, and GSH-px, alleviating oxidative stress induced by ILI. Western blotting and real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that AaEA could regulate the expression level and relative mRNA expression of key proteins on Bax/Bcl-2 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways. Finally, 504 components from AaEA were identified by LC-MS analysis, mainly including flavones, phenolic acids, and terpenoids with anti-inflammatory and liver protective activities, which highlights the potential of AaEA for diet treatment of ILI. Conclusion: AaEA can work against ConA-induced ILI in mice by regulating Bax/Bcl-2 and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathways, which has the potential to be a great strategy for the prevention of ILI.     

A Network-Pharmacology-Combined Integrated Pharmacokinetic Strategy to Investigate the Mechanism of Potential Liver Injury due to Polygonum multiflorum

Polygonum multiflorum (PM) has been used as a tonic and anti-aging remedy for centuries in Asian countries. However, its application in the clinic has been hindered by its potential to cause liver injury and the lack of investigations into this mechanism. Here, we established a strategy using a network pharmacological technique combined with integrated pharmacokinetics to provide an applicable approach for addressing this issue. A fast and sensitive HPLC-QQQ-MS method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of five effective compounds (trans-2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside, emodin-8-O-β-d-glucoside, physcion-8-O-β-d-glucoside, aloe-emodin and emodin). The method was fully validated in terms of specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, extraction recovery, matrix effects, and stability. The lower limits of quantification were 0.125–0.500 ng/mL. This well-validated method was successfully applied to an integrated pharmacokinetic study of PM extract in rats. The network pharmacological technique was used to evaluate the potential liver injury due to the five absorbed components. Through pathway enrichment analysis, it was found that potential liver injury is primarily associated with PI3K-Akt, MAPK, Rap1, and Ras signaling pathways. In brief, the combined strategy might be valuable in revealing the mechanism of potential liver injury due to PM.     

高功率微波对家兔视觉电生理功能及组织结构的影响

采用高功率电磁波直接辐照家免全身后,即刻分别测试家兔的视网膜电流图（Electro-retinogram,ERG）;随后即刻取材,包埋固定,分别在光学显微镜和透射电镜下观察其视觉器官的组织结构。结果表明,高场强的高功率微波辐照可造成家兔眼视网膜组织的即刻损伤,对家兔视觉电生理功能可产生明显的抑制作用,其作用强度与辐照剂量和辐照时间存在一定的量效、时效关系。     

弱冲击波对人员内脏损伤的危险性估计

本文通过对绵羊TNT化爆试验,生物激波管试验和火炮现场试验资料的分析和数据处理,探讨了冲击波物理参数与人员内脏损伤的关系,制定了弱冲击波对人员内脏损伤的安全限值,该限值可作为部队作战、训练的依据,也可作为武器研究、论证、设计、试验和弱冲击波防护的依据,对判定各种爆炸物爆炸引起的人员内脏损伤情况亦有参考价值。