东莞市城区儿童血锌、铁、钙元素与饮食习惯、生长发育关系的研究

探讨了莞城地区幼儿园3～7岁儿童血锌、铁、钙值与饮食习惯、身高、体重、易感染情况的关系，以便进一步指导喂养。采用群体自愿参加者取静脉血，检测了血清锌、铁、钙。检测前向家长发问卷调查饮食习惯、易感染情况。抽血后测量身高、体重。结果表明，在城区7所幼儿园1125例受检儿童中，检出血锌、铁、钙异常者831例(73．9％)，其中低于正常值者525例(63．2％)。有不良饮食习惯儿童342例(30．4％)。有轻度营养不良189例(16．8％)。身高不达标342例(30．4％)。复感儿508例(54．8％)。结论为：(1)本组儿童低血锌情况严重，而血锌值与饮食习惯、易感染情况、身高有密切关系。(2)未发现一例低血清铁者。(3)儿童低血钙者较少，低血钙与不良饮食习惯有关。     

A miniaturized active sampler for the assessment of personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide

A personalized, miniaturized air sampling system was evaluated to estimate the daily exposure of pediatric asthmatics to nitrogen dioxide (NO₂). The lightweight device (170 g) uses a sampling pump connected to a solid sorbent tube containing triethanolamine (TEA)-impregnated molecular sieve. The pump is powered by a 9 V battery and samples air over a 24 h period at a collection rate of 0.100 L/min. After exposure, the solid sorbent is removed from the tubes for spectrophotometric analysis (Griess Assay). The lower detection limit of the overall method for NO₂ is 11 μg/m³. The linearity, precision and accuracy of the sampler was evaluated. Different NO₂ concentrations generated in the laboratory (range: 50 to 340 μg/m³) were simultaneously measured by the TEA tube samplers and colocated continuous chemiluminescent NO_x analyzers (reference method). The coefficient of determination for the laboratory test derived from ordinary linear regression (OLR) was r ²=0.99 (y _OLR=0.94x−4.58) and the precision 3.6%. Further, ambient NO₂ concentrations in the field (range: 10–120 μg/m³) were verified with continuous chemiluminescent monitors next to the active samplers. Reweighted least squares analysis (RLS) based on the least median squares procedure (LMS) resulted in a correlation of r ²=0.68 for a field comparison in Riverside, CA (y _RLS=1.01x−0.94) and r ²=0.92 in Los Angeles, CA (y _RLS=1.31x−7.12). The precision of the TEA tube devices was 7.4% (at 20–60 μg/m³ NO₂) under outdoor conditions. Data show that the performance of this small active sampling system was satisfactory for measuring environmental concentrations of NO₂ under laboratory and field conditions. It is useful for personal monitoring of NO₂ in environmental epidemiology studies where daily measurements are desired.     

CT血流灌注结合血脑屏障标志蛋白对中毒性休克患者神经元损伤的评价价值

选择2017年12月~2018年11月我院收治的100例经临床确认的中毒性休克患者的临床资料,所有患者均进行CT血流灌注成像检查,原始图像经工作站自带的脑灌注软件处理后产生灌注参数伪彩图像,测量病变侧及对侧大脑半球多个解剖部位的脑血流量(CBF)、脑血容量(CBV)、平均通过时间(MTT)、达峰时间(TTP)等灌注参数,计算病变侧/对侧的对比值(rCBF、rCBV、rMTT、rTTP)。并使用免疫组学方法检测不同患者外周血及脑脊液中血脑屏障通透性与紧密连接蛋白claudin-5、occludin、ZO-1、JAM-1、NOS和NSE的表达水平变化,并比较灌注参数与血脑屏障标志蛋白水平的相关性。结果显示,观察组患者外周血及脑脊液rCBF显著下降,rTTP降低,rPS升高(P<0.05),但两组rMTT、rCBV比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组患者外周血及脑脊液claudin-5、occludin、ZO-1、NOS显著下降,JAM-1、NSE明显升高(P<0.05)。观察组claudin-5、occludin、ZO-1和NOS与rCBF、rTTP呈正相关,与rPS呈负相关;JAM-1和NSE与rCBF、rTTP呈负相关,与rPS呈正相关。rCBF、rTTP、JAM-1、NSE与神经元损伤程度呈正相关,claudin-5、occludin、ZO-1和NOS与神经元损伤程度呈负相关。上述结果表明CT血流灌注参数结合血脑屏障标志蛋白可有效评估中毒性休克患者神经元损伤程度,值得推广和应用。     

Preschool children's collective mathematical reasoning during free outdoor play

This paper illustrates how young children (age 1–5) use mathematical properties in collective reasoning during free outdoor play. The analysis of three episodes is presented. The results from the analysis of the argumentation show that the children used a variation of mathematical products and procedures, to challenge, support and drive the reasoning forward. When needed, they utilise concrete materials to illustrate and strengthen their arguments, and as an aid in order to reach conclusions. The children also use abstract social constructs, such as jokes, as part of their reasoning.     

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍与血铅水平关系的探讨

对 8 0例ADHD患儿进行了血铅水平测定和行为评定 (Conners多动症评分量表 ) ,并设60例对照组。结果表明ADHD组血铅水平为 1 5 7 94± 4 1 1 3μg/L ,对照组为 94 73± 2 9 93μg/L ,其中儿童铅中毒发生率 ,ADHD组为 88 75 % ( 71 /80 ) ,对照组为 4 0 0 0 % ( 2 4 /60 ) ,经统计学处理 ,两组资料均具显著性差异 ;ADHD组经降铅治疗后血铅水平明显下降 ,同时反映ADHD临床症状的Conners评分亦明显下降。提示轻度铅中毒可能是ADHD的病因之一。建议在诊治ADHD时 ,采用相应的检测和治疗手段 ,将有助于ADHD的治疗     

Elements in the Sera of Preschool Children Living in Central Taiwan

This study assessed elemental concentrations in the serum of 154 preschool children in central Taiwan via instrumental neutron activation analysis （INAA）. A total of eight elements, Br, C1, Fe, Na, Rb, Sc, Se and Zn of sera for Taiwanese preschool children living at four residential areas： Taichung city, Taichung urban townships and in a remote area inhabited by two groups of aborigines, Atayal and Bunun were determined. Standard reference materials （tomato leaves, NIST-SRM 1570a, and lichen, IAEA-336） were used as quality control standards to crosscheck the accuracy. Residential area, socioeconomic status and gender were shown to significantly influence serum levels of the eight trace elements. Statistical analysis revealed several different gender patterns via the two-tailed student＇s test. A quantified index of agreement （AT） was used to classify these elements. Small AT indicated a close consistency, while large AT indicated a larger fluctuation, or less agreement, such that the correlation between the elements could be interpreted using a series of quantified indices at the serum levels of preschool children.     

Early metabolic characterization of brain tissues after whole body radiation based on gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in a rat model

Radiation‐induced brain injury involves acute, early delayed and late delayed damage based on the time‐course and clinical manifestations. The acute symptoms are mostly transient and reversible, whereas the late delayed radiation‐induced changes are progressive and irreversible. Therefore, evaluation of the organ‐specific early response to ionizing radiation exposure is necessary for improving treatment strategies and minimizing possible damage at an early stage after radiation exposure. In the current study, the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry technique based on metabolomics coupled with metabolic correlation network was applied to investigate the early metabolic characterization of rat brain tissues following irradiation. Our findings showed that the metabolic response to irradiation was not just limited to the variations of individual metabolite levels, but also accompanied by alterations of network correlations among various metabolites. Metabolite clustering indicated that energy metabolism disorder and inflammation response were induced following radiation exposure. The correlation networks revealed that the strong positive correlations of differential metabolites were highly reduced and significant negative linkages were highlighted in irradiated groups even without statistical changes in metabolic levels. Our findings provided new insights into our understanding of the radiation‐induced acute brain injury mechanism and clues as to the therapy target for clinical applications.     

亚临床铅损伤患儿门诊病例分析

对237名儿童进行了发铅和血铅的测定和分析，提出了应注意儿童亚临床阶段铅中毒。     

网球发球的背肌损伤原因及康复

运用运动解剖学的基本知识和方法，对网球发球背肌损伤的不同征象和原因作了详细的分析，并依据受伤的不同情况，给出了切合实际的治疗措施和康复训练方案。