通识课“混沌与非线性思维”建设

为探讨非线性动力学的普及化和整合科学新进展加强通识教育课程,本文总结和分析了通识教育课“混沌与非线性思维”的设计与实践。非线性动力学现在已经成为人类知识的一部分。“混沌与非线性思维”是为上海大学所有学生(包括理工、经营和人文三大类)开设的通识教育课。该课程聚焦于混沌的科学概念和文化影响,非线性不仅作为数学模型也作为思维模式。该课程帮助学生从非线性思维角度观察、分析和理解自然和社会中的不可预测和不确定现象。教学实践表明,非线性动力学可以恰当的方式普及而成为通识教育课程的实质性内容,并为各专业的本科生接受。     

湍流运动与非线性科学理论

本文较系统地介绍了近３０年来非线性科学理论的发展对湍流运动研究的贡献．它所涵盖的内容涉及到了当前非线性科学理论的大部分热点．从这里,可以隐约地看到一个正在形成中的湍流运动新理论的框架．      

微裂纹演化过程中分岔与混沌现象的描述及若干问题探讨

本文分析了目前常用的两种疲劳断口分维测量方法存在的一些共同性问题,研究了等幅疲劳载荷谱作用下有效生长区微裂纹密度演化中的分岔与混沌现象,建立了描述这一现象的数学模型,探讨了这一现象的出现对合理地定义损伤内变量及确定其累积法则等的影响．      

保守双摆的不可积性和混沌

本文用Birkhoff级数正则变换方法求出保守双摆运动方程的近似积分,并把近似积分的等值曲线与数值仿真结果作了比较.由此清楚地看出.当能级提高时,系统由近可积的成为不可积的,即其运动情况由规则的转变为混沌的.本文还介绍了演示上述性态的一个保守双摆模型.     

Coexistence of the chaos and the periodic solutions in planar fluid flows

This paper discusses the dynamic behavior of the Kelvin-Stuart cat’s eye flow underperiodic perturbations.By means of the Melnikov method the conditions to havebifurcations to subharmonics of even order for the oscillating orbits and to have bifurcationsto subharmonics of any order for the rotating orbits are given,and further,the coexistencephenomena of the chaotic motions and periodic solutions are presented.     

Stationary-state solutions to the rotation of solid bodies with liquid-filled cavities and their stability

In this paper,we discuss all the possible equilibrium states of axi-symmetrical-solidbodies with liquid-filled cavities rotating around.fixed axes according to the extremumconditions on the potential energy, and conclude that there exists a unique stable final-statesolution, for which the system uniformly rotates around its vertical symmetrical axis,forboth the inverted and suspended ones. And then applying the Lyapunoy direct approach fora continuous system.we investigate the stability of the rotating systems subject to largedisturbances. In addition, we describe an interesting analogue between the rotation of asolid body with a liquid-filled cavity in the inverted case and the motion of a small ball in aspinning spherical bowl. The results obtained herein theoretically provide an evidence of thereality of the secular stability.     

隐私性疾病诊疗社会乱象分析及对策研究

针对目前社会上存在的隐私性疾病诊疗乱象,采用调研暗访法、案例分析法、问卷调查法等研究方法,总结分析了民营医院乱收费、医疗水平低下、过度治疗等诊疗乱象的现状和形成原因,探讨了监管部门、民营医院、患者和公立医院在诊疗乱象中的作用,得出以下结论:监管力度不够、民营医院以盈利为目的、患者维权意识淡薄共同导致了隐私性疾病诊疗乱象的出现.为了消除诊疗乱象,应从治疗效果差异、隐私性疾病科普、打击非法医疗机构和构建良好医患关系等方面进行应对.     

Synchronization of Chaotic Intensities and Phases in an Array of N Lasers

A linear array of N mutually coupled single-mode lasers is investigated. It is shown that the intensities of N lasers are chaotically synchronized when the coupling between lasers is relatively strong. The chaotic synchronization of intensities depends on the location of the lasers in the array. The chaotic synchronization appears between two outmost lasers, the second two outmost lasers, etc. There is no synchronization between nearest neighbors of the lasers. If the number of N is odd, the middle laser is never synchronized between any lasers. The chaotic synchronization of phases between nearest lasers in the array is examined by using the analytic signal and the Gaussian filter methods based on the peak of the power spectrum of the intensity. It can be seen that the message of chaotic intensity synchronization is conveyed through the phase synchronization.     

从连续到间断--关于介值定理的推广

单变量连续函数已经被研究了近300年,很难想象其中还有未被开恳的处女地.本文将连续函数的介值定理推广到间断的情况,文中的思想方法在其他领域如数论中也是有用的.     

用一种少参数非线性自适应滤波器自适应预测低维混沌时间序列

基于混沌动力系统的相空间延迟坐标重构,利用混沌序列固有的确定性和非线性,提出了用 于混沌时间序列预测的一种少参数非线性自适应滤波预测模型.该预测模型在Volterra自适 应滤波器的基础上引入sigmoid函数来减少待定参数.实验研究表明,这种少参数非线性自适 应滤波预测器仅需用50个样本经20次预训练后,就能有效地预测一些低维混沌序列,且这种 少参数非线性自适应滤波预测器更便于工程实现. 关键词： 混沌 非线性自适应预测 少参数非线性自适应滤波器 自适应算法