Simultaneous removal of Cu2+ and Cr3+ ions from aqueous solution based on Complexation with Eriochrome cyanine‐R and derivative spectrophotometric method

TiO₂ nanoparticles deposited on activated carbon (TiO₂–NP–AC) was prepared and characterized by XRD and SEM analysis. Subsequently, simultaneous ultrasound‐assisted adsorption of Cu²⁺ and Cr³⁺ ions onto TiO₂‐NPs‐AC after complexation via eriochrome cyanine R (ECR) has been investigated with UV–Vis and FAA spectrophotometer. Spectra overlapping of the ECR‐Cu and ECR‐Cr complex was resolve by derivative spectrophotometric technique. The effects of various parameters such as initial Cu²⁺ (A) and Cr³⁺ (B) ions concentrations, TiO₂‐NPs‐AC mass (C), sonication time (D) and pH (E) on the removal percentage were investigated and optimized by central composite design (CCD). The optimize conditions were set as: 4.21 min, 0.019 mg, 20.02 and 13.22 mg L^?1 and 6.63 for sonication time, TiO₂–NP–AC mass, initial Cr³⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions concentration and pH, respectively. The experimental equilibrium data fitting to Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich models show that the Langmuir model is a good and suitable model for evaluation and the actual behavior of adsorption process and maximum adsorption capacity of 105.26 and 93.46 mg g^?1 were obtained for Cu²⁺ and Cr³⁺ ions, respectively. Kinetic evaluation of experimental data showed that the adsorption processes followed well pseudo second order and intraparticle diffusion models.     

Simultaneous quantification of ondansetron and tariquidar in rat and human plasma using a high performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet method

Ondansetron, a widely used antiemetic agent, is a P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) substrate and therefore expression of P‐gp at the blood–brain barrier limits its distribution to the central nervous system (CNS), which was observed to be reversed by coadministration with P‐gp inhibitors. Tariquidar is a potent and selective third‐generation P‐gp inhibitor, and coadministration with ondansetron has shown improved ondansetron distribution to the CNS. There is currently no reported bioanalytical method for simultaneously quantifying ondansetron with a third‐generation P‐gp inhibitor. Therefore, we aimed to develop and validate a method for ondansetron and tariquidar in rat and human plasma samples. A full validation was performed for both ondansetron and tariquidar, and sample stability was tested under various storage conditions. To demonstrate its utility, the method was applied to a preclinical pharmacokinetic study following coadministration of ondansetron and tariquidar in rats. The presented method will be valuable in pharmacokinetic studies of ondansetron and tariquidar in which simultaneous determination may be required. In addition, this is the first report of a bioanalytical method validated for quantification of tariquidar in plasma samples.     

Combining GPS carrier phase and Doppler observations for precise velocity determination

The truncation error and propagation error are analyzed for velocity determination through differential GPS carrier phase observations,and an approach for the choice of the best number of points for the central difference method is developed.In order to overcome the disadvantages of existing GPS velocity determination methods,a new velocity determination algorithm is presented,based on combining carrier phase and Doppler observations.The basic idea is that two types of observation are combined by adding the...     

中西部地区人口就近城镇化意愿的受教育程度差异研究

基于对中西部地区15个省市农业转移人口就近城镇化意愿的问卷调查数据,以社会认同度为研究视角,构建多群组结构方程模型分析中西部地区人口就近城镇化的受教育程度差异及其影响因素。研究结果表明:个人特征差异性对中西部地区不同受教育程度的农业转移人口的就近城镇化意愿影响显著;中西部地区不同受教育程度的农业转移人口的社会认同度与其就近城镇化意愿显著正相关,且社会认同度对中西部地区小学及以下学历的农业转移人口就近城镇化意愿的影响最显著,大专及以上学历的农业转移人口的就近城镇化意愿受社会认同度的影响最小。     

Ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction using low density solvent for analysis of toxic nitrophenols in natural waters

An ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) based on low-density solvents was successfully applied for the extraction and pre-concentration of four toxic nitrophenols in water samples. The extracted analytes were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-UV detection. The important parameters influencing the extraction efficiency were studied and optimized utilizing two different optimization methods: one variable at a time (OVAT) and central composite design (CCD). The results showed that the emulsification process can be completed in a few seconds using low-density solvents, but almost 10–20?min is necessary for high-density solvents. Under the optimum conditions (extraction solvent, 1-octanol; extraction solvent volume, 40?µL; sample pH, 3.0; salt concentration, 20% (w/v) NaCl; extraction temperature, 40 (±3)°C), limits of detection of the method were in the range of 0.25 to 1?µg?L^?1 and the repeatability and reproducibility of the proposed method, expressed as relative deviation, varied in the range of 2.2–4.2% and 4.7–6.9%, respectively. Linearity was found to be in the range of 1 to 200?µg?L^?1 and the preconcentration factors (PFs) were between 77 and 175. The relative recoveries of the four nitrophenols from water samples at spiking level of 10.0?µg?L^?1 were in the range of 92.0 to 115.0%.     

Solvent terminated natural deep eutectic solvent microextraction for concentration of curcuminoids in Curcumae Longae Rhizoma and turmeric tea

A novel solvent terminated microextraction method based on a natural deep eutectic solvent (L-menthol and lactic acid at a molar ratio of 1:2) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography was proposed, which was utilized for the separation and enrichment of bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin and curcumin in Curcumae Longae Rhizoma and turmeric tea. The effects of independent parameters on extraction efficiency were optimized by single-factor analysis. Subsequently, four predominated parameters affecting the extraction procedure, including extractant volume, salt concentration, demulsifier consumption, and demulsification time, were further evaluated by a central composite design. Under the optimized conditions, the linear ranges of calibration curves were 0.005–0.5 μg/mL for bisdemethoxycurcumin, 0.004–0.4 μg/mL for demethoxycurcumin, and 0.0045–0.45 μg/mL for curcumin, respectively. In addition, the developed method provided low detection limits (0.1–0.4 ng/mL) and high enrichment factors (279–350). Its intra-day and inter-day precision were carried out by relative standard deviation ranging from 2.2 to 9.2%. Finally, the applicability of this method was assessed by the analysis of Curcumae Longae Rhizoma and turmeric tea samples. The results showed that these samples were detected successfully and the spiked recoveries over the range of 85.3-108.9% with relative standard deviations of 1.6-8.9% were attained, indicating its high relative recoveries with good precision in real sample analysis.     

NMR波谱仪集中优化管理模式

论述了核磁中心采用的相对集中管理模式.集中管理模式主要体现在上样辅助、中央供气、数据集中上传与下载3个方面.另外,还提出了未来可以从集中供高纯N2和LN22个方面进一步改善中心的集中管理模式,从而能够更好的优化测试效率和工作环境.     

含中心裂纹梯度纳晶金属的数值模拟

梯度纳晶金属由于其微观组织的梯度分布,力学属性也呈现梯度变化,这使得其表现出不同于传统均匀材料的断裂行为．利用材料力学参数的梯度分布来表征梯度纳晶金属中晶粒尺寸的梯度变化,并编写ABAQUS和MATLAB脚本程序建立分层有限元模型．通过数值模拟计算了含有初始中心裂纹的梯度纳晶金属在受远端均匀拉应力作用下的裂尖J积分,分别研究了屈服应力梯度、裂纹角度和裂纹长度对金属材料断裂韧性的影响,并与传统粗晶进行了对比．结果表明梯度纳米结构的存在导致梯度纳晶金属内部的中心裂纹两端表现出不同的断裂韧性,小晶粒一侧裂尖的抗裂韧性优于大晶粒一侧裂尖,且屈服应力梯度绝对值越大,两者差距越大．梯度纳晶金属的断裂韧性受中心裂纹角度和长度变化的影响与传统粗晶金属基本一致,同时在晶粒尺寸梯度的作用下梯度纳晶的裂尖J积分略低于粗晶,即整体上拥有更好的抗裂韧性．     

中心裂纹圆盘应力强度因子的测试误差分析

本文在中心裂纹圆盘应力强度因子解析解的基础上,利用一阶微分法则,给出了与裂纹相对长度和加载角相关的应力强度因子(K 和K )的4个误差传递函数。这4个误差传递函数关于裂纹相对长度和加载角均是非线性的,它们既是误差分析的基础,又是合理确定裂纹相对长度和加载角的基础。分析结果表明,加载角的误差Δθ除了对纯 型K 的误差几乎没有影响,对纯 型K 影响较小外,对复合型K 、K 的误差均有较大影响。最后,本文建议裂纹相对长度的取值范围为0.4～0.6;还建议在复合型断裂试验时,必须依据对K 、K 的总体精度要求来严格控制加载角的精度。