Chemical Characterization and Bioactivity of Commercial Essential Oils and Hydrolates Obtained from Portuguese Forest Logging and Thinning

Essential oils (EOs) and hydrolates (Hds) are natural sources of biologically active ingredients with broad applications in the cosmetic industry. In this study, nationally produced (mainland Portugal and Azores archipelago) EOs (11) and Hds (7) obtained from forest logging and thinning of Eucalyptus globulus, Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea and Cryptomeria japonica, were chemically evaluated, and their bioactivity and sensorial properties were assessed. EOs and Hd volatiles (HdVs) were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. 1,8-Cineole was dominant in E. globulus EOs and HdVs, and α- and β-pinene in P. pinaster EOs. Limonene and α-pinene led in P. pinea and C. japonica EOs, respectively. P. pinaster and C. japonica HVs were dominated by α-terpineol and terpinen-4-ol, respectively. The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH, ORAC and ROS. C. japonica EO showed the highest antioxidant activity, whereas one of the E. globulus EOs showed the lowest. Antimicrobial activity results revealed different levels of efficacy for Eucalyptus and Pinus EOs while C. japonica EO showed no antimicrobial activity against the selected strains. The perception and applicability of emulsions with 0.5% of EOs were evaluated through an in vivo sensory study. C. japonica emulsion, which has a fresh and earthy odour, was chosen as the most pleasant fragrance (60%), followed by P. pinea emulsion (53%). In summary, some of the studied EOs and Hds showed antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and they are possible candidates to address the consumers demand for more sustainable and responsibly sourced ingredients.     

Optimized Selection of Water Resource Allocation Schemes Based on Improved Connection Entropy in Beijing’s Southern Plain

Increased urbanization has caused problems such as increasing water consumption and the continuous deterioration of the groundwater environment. It is necessary to consider the groundwater quality in the water resource optimization system and increase the rate of reclaimed water development to reduce the amount of groundwater exploitation and achieve sustainable development of water resources. This study used the Daxing District, a region of Beijing’s southern plain, as an example to evaluate water quality by analyzing water quality data of surface and groundwater from 2012 to 2016 and actual water-use schemes from 2006 to 2016. Three groundwater extraction modes were set up based on NO₃–N concentrations, water resources were optimized under three extraction modes, and water resource optimization schemes were determined based on the improved connection entropy. The results show that (1) the surface water quality was poor, and the proportion of V₄ type water in the indexes of NH₃–N and chemical oxygen demand (COD) was the largest. The surface water can only be used for agricultural irrigation. The pollution sources contributing most to NH₃–N and COD were domestic and agricultural pollution sources. (2) The groundwater quality was good. The NO₃–N index was primarily type I–III water, accounting for 95.20% of the total samples. Severe NH₃–N pollution areas were mainly in the northern region, and most regional groundwater can be used for various purposes. (3) Taking 2016 as an example, three groundwater exploitation modes were set to optimize water resource allocation, and the results showed that the rate of groundwater development and NO₃–N pollution decreased significantly after optimization. (4) Connection entropy is an evaluation method that combines connection numbers and entropy, including identify, difference, and opposition entropy. As connection entropy being a kind of complete entropy, which can reflect the difference of the system in different states, based on the improved connection entropy, the connection entropies of optimal water resource allocation and actual water-use schemes were calculated. The connection entropy of groundwater exploitation mode 3 was less than that of groundwater exploitation modes 1 and 2 and actual water-use schemes from 2006 to 2016. Therefore, exploitation mode 3’s water resource optimization scheme was recommended. In the paper, satisfactory results have been obtained. As a kind of complete entropy, connection entropy has great research value in dealing with complex hydrological problems. This study’s research methods and outcomes can provide methodological and theoretical lessons for water management in freshwater-deficient areas.     

螺旋压缩弹簧应力松弛特性试验分析及其应用

本文通过应力松弛试验、理论推导及数值模拟研究了高温下螺旋压缩弹簧的应力松弛规律,并利用加速模型对工况下弹簧应力松弛服役寿命做出预测.首先,根据螺旋压缩弹簧的结构特点搭建了弹簧应力松弛连续动态测试装置,该装置不仅避免了传统测试方法存在的缺陷,而且能够保证试验过程中位移载荷恒定,并实时监测载荷变化.本文以某飞机舱门单锁机构...     

模糊综合评判法在台州市地表水评价中的应用

应用模糊综合评判法,以长潭等9个水库为研究对象,对台州地区水质进行厂评价：结果表明,台州地区总体水质较好,除东湖属Ⅳ类水外,其它全为Ⅲ类,适合人们生存及生产需要。根据评价提出了相心的建议     

概率语言多属性群决策方法及其在新型智慧城市市民获得感评价中的应用

针对公众参与的语言信息多属性群决策问题,研究了考虑参与者满意度的概率语言多属性群决策方法。首先,根据参与者的语言评价信息确定并规范化概率语言决策矩阵。然后,对大群体进行共识分析,由最大化参与者群体的满意度构建线性规划模型,确定参与者群组的权重;构造正、负理想方案的评价向量,构建多目标规划模型,用拉格朗日乘子法求解属性权重;定义各方案的加权贴近度,并以此对方案进行排序和优选。最后,通过新型智慧城市市民获得感评价案例验证了模型的可行性和有效性。     

阵列像素器件投影显示系统中自动对焦评价函数研究

数字投影显示已成为现代数字显示领域的主流,阵列像素器件投影成像的的精确会聚,直接决定了显示的效果。阵列像素器件的自动对焦,是实现生产自动化的关键技术。以CCD(电荷耦合器件)采集阵列像素器件的局部投影图像为基础,试验和分析了梯度算子、拉普拉斯算子、Sobel算子、Prewitt算子、方差函数和熵函数评价方法在阵列像素器件大屏幕投影显示系统中自动对焦的作用及性能。实验表明,方差算子具有良好的稳定性和对噪声的不敏感性,调节效果较好,可以作为这一特殊系统中的评价方法。     

基于模糊逻辑的红外相机模拟器定量化仿真度评价框架

针对红外相机模拟器仿真度量化评价体系的现状,提出了一种基于模糊逻辑和模糊集思想的全新的理论框架.该框架是一种客观的、多尺度的评价体系,涉及到模糊逻辑、曲线相似度评价、图像质量评估以及信息论等多个交叉领域.和现有的单一尺度的评价方法相比,这种多尺度的仿真度评价分析系统综合考虑了成像系统的主要性能特性参量和系统输出图像的质量,具有更好的任务适应性,可以方便地量化和比较具有相同或相似需求的相机模拟器的仿真度结果.     

激光辐照下皮肤组织光热响应有限元分析

为了更好地选择临床激光医疗曝光参量,采用有限元数值计算方法,模拟了脉冲激光与连续激光对人皮肤组织的光热作用及导致的温度变化效应,比较了两者的不同,得到了热响应时间及热弛豫时间与组织深度的关系,即组织越深(0～60 μm),其热响应时间(0～4 ms)与热弛豫时间(0.4～12.1 ms)越长;分析了激光脉宽长短对组织升温的影响;建立了评价脉冲间热损失的评价函数δ,并以此对脉冲间隔的选取作了探讨.     

联合勤务保障体系网络化建模与研究方法

为了研究联合勤务保障体系在作战行动中的作用,并为体系作战建立网络化的研究方法,提出了一种包含联合勤务网络的四层复杂作战网络,建立了相应的网络化模型。首先,对联合勤务保障体系进行了网络化的定义与描述,得到了认知域、信息域、物理域、联合勤务网络内每个节点的状态属性值;然后,建立了不同网络之间的涌现性模型,提出了作战链与勤务保障链的概念,通过定义涌现满足度曲线,得到了每个节点的网络涌现程度值;最后,针对同层网络和不同层网络分别提出了对应的网络体系同步能力提高方法。研究结果表明：建立的网络化模型与提高同步能力的方法合理有效,对于体系作战的量化研究有一定的实践意义。     

An Expeditious Method Combining Multi-Components Determination and Fingerprinting Based on Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photo Diode Array-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Chemometrics: Application for Authentication and Quality Evaluation of Cornus Officinalis Sieb. et Zucc

Selective and efficient analytical methods for authentication and quality evaluation of herbal medicines are significant and necessary. An expeditious method combining multi-components determination and fingerprinting based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photo diode array-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA -MS/MS) and chemometrics for authentication and quality evaluation of Cornus Officinalis Sieb. et Zucc was developed. Tandem mass spectrometer operating in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used for determination of three characteristic constituents (morroniside, sweroside, and loganin) in C. Officinalis. Meanwhile, UPLC fingerprint of C. Officinalis was established and the data set was submitted for classification to a suite of chemometrics method. Combing main biologically active components content level and chemometrics analysis, the effects of cultivation area, harvesting, and storage time on the quality of C. Officinalis were investigated. The study reveals that multi-components determination coupled with fingerprinting could be applied for authentication and quality evaluation of C. Officinalis which is accurate, efficient, and reliable.