全文获取类型
收费全文 | 14243篇 |
免费 | 1443篇 |
国内免费 | 1075篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 5192篇 |
晶体学 | 35篇 |
力学 | 932篇 |
综合类 | 266篇 |
数学 | 7280篇 |
物理学 | 3056篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 26篇 |
2023年 | 134篇 |
2022年 | 199篇 |
2021年 | 276篇 |
2020年 | 400篇 |
2019年 | 369篇 |
2018年 | 373篇 |
2017年 | 463篇 |
2016年 | 593篇 |
2015年 | 433篇 |
2014年 | 696篇 |
2013年 | 1218篇 |
2012年 | 629篇 |
2011年 | 852篇 |
2010年 | 802篇 |
2009年 | 876篇 |
2008年 | 891篇 |
2007年 | 957篇 |
2006年 | 824篇 |
2005年 | 781篇 |
2004年 | 685篇 |
2003年 | 648篇 |
2002年 | 560篇 |
2001年 | 444篇 |
2000年 | 416篇 |
1999年 | 332篇 |
1998年 | 314篇 |
1997年 | 260篇 |
1996年 | 222篇 |
1995年 | 189篇 |
1994年 | 142篇 |
1993年 | 131篇 |
1992年 | 109篇 |
1991年 | 87篇 |
1990年 | 48篇 |
1989年 | 58篇 |
1988年 | 45篇 |
1987年 | 30篇 |
1986年 | 38篇 |
1985年 | 36篇 |
1984年 | 32篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 21篇 |
1981年 | 21篇 |
1980年 | 15篇 |
1979年 | 18篇 |
1978年 | 12篇 |
1977年 | 14篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
951.
Dissolved organic matter in aquatic systems is of variable structure and composition. Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled to UV/vis diode array and fluorescence detectors (AF4–DAD–EEM) was used to assess the size and optical properties of dissolved organic matter. The results were analyzed using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and statistical fractogram deconvolution to correlate fluorescing components with molecular weight fractions. This coupling, which is shown for the first time in this work, is a powerful method capable of revealing novel information about the size properties of PARAFAC components. Tyrosine/polyphenol-like fluorescence (peak B) was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with the smallest size group (relative molecular weight = 310 ± 10 Da), microbial humic-like and terrestrial visible humic-like fluorescence (peaks M, C, A) with the intermediate size group (1600 ± 150 Da), and terrestrial fulvic-like and tryptophan/polyphenol-like fluorescence (peaks A and T) with the largest size group (4300 ± 660 Da). 相似文献
952.
Céline Guéguen Chad W. Cuss Weibin Chen 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2013,93(13):1428-1440
Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) with sequential on-line UV/visible and fluorescence detectors was used to investigate the composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in permeate and retentate fractions isolated by tangential flow ultrafiltration (TFF) at various concentration factors (i.e. ratio of initial volume to the retentate volume; CF). The permeation coefficient model, which defines the log-log relationship between DOM in the permeate fractions and CFs, described the permeation behaviour of DOM with regression coefficients r 2 > 0.99. The dominance of higher-molecular weight retentate chromophoric DOM (CDOM) observed in TFF was consistent with the results of AF4. The weight-averaged molecular weights (M w) of the integral permeate and retentate at CF = 20 were determined to be 1160 and 2320 by AF4, respectively, while their molecular weight distributions (MWD) were centered at 1120 and 1600 Da. M w, MWD, and aromaticity (i.e. ratio of absorbance at 250 and 365 nm; E2/E3) in permeate fractions were altered significantly during the early stages of TFF (CF < 9). These changes, however, were not evident in excitation-emission matrix fluorescence properties as determined using the parallel factor analysis model. The application of AF4 to TFF fractions suggests that the choice of CF may have an important impact on the size distribution and aromaticity of permeate fractions, whereas fluorescence properties appear insensitive to concentration factor. These results suggest that the choice of CF is crucial only in the study of the permeate fraction where similar CF (i.e. > 9) should be used to obtain meaningful comparison among samples. 相似文献
953.
955.
Let R ∈ Cn×n be a nontrivial involution, i.e., R2 = I and R ≠ ±I. A matrix A ∈ Cn×n is called R-skew symmetric if RAR = −A. The least-squares solutions of the matrix inverse problem for R-skew symmetric matrices with R∗ = R are firstly derived, then the solvability conditions and the solutions of the matrix inverse problem for R-skew symmetric matrices with R∗ = R are given. The solutions of the corresponding optimal approximation problem with R∗ = R for R-skew symmetric matrices are also derived. At last an algorithm for the optimal approximation problem is given. It can be seen that we extend our previous results [G.X. Huang, F. Yin, Matrix inverse problem and its optimal approximation problem for R-symmetric matrices, Appl. Math. Comput. 189 (2007) 482-489] and the results proposed by Zhou et al. [F.Z. Zhou, L. Zhang, X.Y. Hu, Least-square solutions for inverse problem of centrosymmetric matrices, Comput. Math. Appl. 45 (2003) 1581-1589]. 相似文献
956.
本文证明了任意两个n阶复矩阵A和B为对角相似的充要条件是:它们有相同的伴随有向图,并且以此有向图为基础有向图,以A和B的对应非零元素比值为弧权值的赋权有向图满足“无向圈平衡条件”。我们还给出了矩阵对角相似条件在非负矩阵谱理论研究中的一个应用。 相似文献
957.
四元数矩阵方程AXAH=B的最小二乘解 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
引入了四元数矩阵范数的概念,通过使用四无数矩阵的奇异值分解,给出了四元数矩阵方程AXA^H=B在最小二乘意义下的Hermitian解以及Skew-Hermitian解. 相似文献
958.
959.
Given a digraph G, we propose a new method to find the recurrence equation for the number of vertices of the k‐iterated line digraph , for , where . We obtain this result by using the minimal polynomial of a quotient digraph of G. 相似文献
960.
Ang-ran Wang Yong-zhong Bao Zhi-xue Weng Zhi-ming Huang 《高分子科学》2007,(6):573-579
An exfoliated layered double hydroxides/poly(methyl methacrylate)(LDHs/PMMA)nanocomposite was prepared by in situ solution polymerization of methyl methacrylate(MMA)in the presence of 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate intercalated LDHs(MgAl-VBS LDHs).MgAl-VBS LDHs was prepared by the ion exchange method,and the structure and composition of the MgA1-VBS LDHs were determined by X-ray diffraction(XRD),infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis.XRD and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)were employed to examine the structure of LDHs/PMMA nanocomposite.It was indicated that the LDHs layers were well exfoliated and dispersed in the PMMA matrix.The grafting of PMMA onto LDHs was confirmed by the extraction result and the weight fraction of grafted PMMA increased as the weight fraction of LDHs in the nanocomposites increased. 相似文献