浓度加和模型在化学混合物毒性评估中的应用

化学污染物总是以混合物形式存在于实际环境体系中. 化学混合物的毒性评估与预测是环境化学领域当前的研究热点与难题. 要评估与预测一个化学混合物的毒性效应, 首先要证明其是否具有加和性. 目前有3个加和参考模型即浓度加和模型(CA)、独立作用模型(IA)与效应相加模型(ES)用于化学混合物毒性的加和性检验. 如果混合物效应明显偏离加和参考模型预测效应, 则认为该混合物产生毒性相互作用, 即协同或拮抗. 选择不同的加和参考模型可能得出不同的相互作用结论. ES模型最早广泛应用, 但不能解释由同一化合物构成的所谓虚拟组合现象, 应用已开始受到限制. IA模型被认为适用于具有相异作用模式的化学物构成的混合物, 而CA模型适用于相似作用模式化学物构成的混合物并能合理解释ES模型不能解释的虚拟组合现象, 常常认为是化学混合物毒性预测的标准模型. 然而, 由于CA模型目前没有坚实的理论支持, 也不能直接联系混合物毒性作用机理, 同时在浓度-效应曲线的部分区域存在不能预测的所谓“预测盲区”, 因此, CA模型也只是一个工作模型, 需谨慎使用.     

基于MEMS加速度传感器的步态识别

针对最小采集约束条件和经历长时间跨度下识别率低的问题,提出一种基于MEMS加速度传感器的步态识别算法。该算法以右髋部位置采集加速度信号构造多个高斯差分尺度空间,利用局部关键点生成稀疏表示的步态特征位置模板,并采用模板融合来有效转换稀疏性步态周期特征,最后利用最近邻算法和投票机制对步态特征进行识别。在公开的含175名测试者的步态加速度数据集上进行测试,实验结果显示识别率为98.67%和认证率为99.89%,并进一步研究了测试集和训练集样本数目对识别效果的影响,验证了特征提取的有效性和稳定性。     

Lattice-Based Logarithmic-Size Non-Interactive Deniable Ring Signatures

Deniable ring signature can be regarded as group signature without group manager, in which a singer is capable of singing a message anonymously, but, if necessary, each ring member is allowed to confirm or disavowal its involvement in the signature via an interactive mechanism between the ring member and the verifier. This attractive feature makes the deniable ring signature find many applications in the real world. In this work, we propose an efficient scheme with signature size logarithmic to the cardinality of the ring. From a high level, we adapt Libert et al.’s zero-knowledge argument system (Eurocrypt 2016) to allow the prover to convince the verifier that its witness satisfies an additional condition. Then, using the Fait-Shamir transformation, we get a non-interactive deniable ring signature scheme that satisfies the anonymity, traceability, and non-frameability under the small integer solution assumption in the random oracle model.     

改进的盲解卷积技术在远距离激光光斑图像复原中的应用

为了提高外场实验中远距离测量激光光斑位置的精度,提出利用盲解卷积技术对光斑图像进行事后复原来削弱大气湍流对光斑成像的影响。首先,介绍了经典盲解卷积算法,分析了其不足之处,并提出了一种改进的盲解卷积算法。为了提高目标函数的收敛性和收敛速度,在TV(Total Variation)目标函数加入惩罚项,并对交替迭代法进行改进。然后,用数学方法证明了改进的盲解卷积算法的收敛性。最后,进行了仿真实验。与传统算法相比,用改进算法恢复的图像信噪比至少提升了15%。文中给出了外场试验图像的实际复原效果。     

基于分块离散小波变换的图像信息隐藏与盲提取算法

提出了一种在小波域中图像信息隐藏与盲提取算法. 该算法首先对载体图像进行分块两层离散小波变换, 找到每块第二级分解子带中的最大值即最重要小波系数, 然后根据小波特征树的对应关系将其在第一级分解子带中的对应区域作为嵌入区域, 在该区域嵌入由秘密信息生成的伪随机序列. 提取过程中, 同样按照小波系数对应关系寻找到嵌入区域并判断其与伪随机序列的相关性即可解密, 不需要提供原始图像. 实验结果表明, 该算法能实现二值图像的嵌入与盲提取, 且提取出的图像质量较好并具备一定的抗攻击能力, 尤其对于剪切攻击的鲁棒性较好.     

一种新的参数估计方法及其在混沌信号盲分离中的应用

为了有效地估计非线性映射中的参数,本文采用一种容积准则近似该映射的加权积分函数. 基于由状态空间模型建模的参数,提出了一种新的参数估计方法. 混沌信号的盲分离是一种具有挑战性的参数估计问题.将新的参数估计方法应用在该问题上, 实现混沌信号的有效重构.仿真结果表明该算法具有较快的收敛速度和较高的数值精度, 并能有效地分离原始混沌信号.     

Triaxial Shape,Signature Splitting,and Shape Coexistence in 127,129,131Nd

Signature splitting and shape coexistence at high spin in the neutron deficient nucleus ¹²⁹Nd are investigated with the configuration-dependent cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky approach. The calculated bands are compared with the observed signature partner bands and very good agreement results at high spin are obtained. The observed deformed bands are confirmed as normal and highly deformed and their properties are explained theoretically. Terminating states in ¹²⁹Nd and other terminations are predicted. There is shape coexistence within the same configuration from low-spin states to high-spin states. Possible normal and highly deformed bands with rotation around the intermediate principal axis in several interesting configurations of ¹²⁹Nd are discussed. The experimental results for ¹³¹Nd are simply discussed and the calculated bands are in good agreement with observed bands at high spin. Triaxial shapes in ¹²⁷Nd with a triaxial deformation of γ～-12^º are predicted and should be observed experimentally. The value of negative γ of π(h_11/2)⁴ν(h_11/2)⁷ configuration increases with neutron number increasing in ^127,129,131Nd. The triaxial shape evolutions with neutron number increasing in ^127,129,131Nd and in ^{126,128,130,132}Pr are explained by the strong driving force of specified single particle orbitals towards to triaxial shape.     

Scalable Arbitrated Quantum Signature of Classical Messages withMulti-Signers

Unconditionally secure signature is an important part of quantum cryptography. Usually, a signature scheme only provides an environment for asingle signer. Nevertheless, in real applications, many signers maycollaboratively send a message to the verifier and convince the verifierthat the message is actually transmitted by them. In this paper, we give ascalable arbitrated signature protocol of classical messages with multi-signers. Its security is analyzed and proved to be secure even with a compromised arbitrator.     

Embedding Spacetime via a Geodesically Equivalent Metric of Euclidean Signature

Starting from the equations of motion in a 1 + 1 static, diagonal, Lorentzian spacetime, such as the Schwarzschild radial line element, I find another metric, but with Euclidean signature, which produces the same geodesics x(t). This geodesically equivalent, or dual, metric can be embedded in ordinary Euclidean space. On the embedded surface freely falling particles move on the shortest path. Thus one can visualize how acceleration in a gravitational field is explained by particles moving freely in a curved spacetime. Freedom in the dual metric allows us to display, with substantial curvature, even the weak gravity of our earth. This may provide a nice pedagogical tool for elementary lectures on general relativity. I also study extensions of the dual metric scheme to higher dimensions.     

一个具有消息恢复的签名方案的安全性分析

李子臣和杨义先基于离散对数和素因子分解两个困难问题提出了具有消息恢复的数字签名方案-LY方案,武丹和李善庆指出了LY方案的安全性仅仅依赖于因子分解问题,为弥补这个缺陷他们同时给出了一个改进方案——WL方案．但是,该改进方案的安全性并不象作者所认为的那样依赖于两个难题．一旦因子分解问题可解,攻击者就可以伪造签名．