Enantioselective Access to Spirocyclic Sultams by Chiral Cpx–Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Annulations

Chiral spirocyclic sultams are a valuable compound class in organic and medicinal chemistry. A rapid entry to this structural motif involves a [3+2] annulation of an N‐sulfonyl ketimine and an alkyne. Although the directing‐group properties of the imino group for C?H activation have been exploited, the developments of related asymmetric variants have remained very challenging. The use of rhodium(III) complexes equipped with a suitable atropchiral cyclopentadienyl ligand, in conjunction with a carboxylic acid additive, enables an enantioselective and high yielding access to such spirocyclic sultams.     

利用芯片式高场非对称波形离子迁移谱技术快速检测苯丙氨酸

采用金属扩散管-芯片式高场非对称波形离子迁移谱(FAIMS)技术对苯丙氨酸进行了快速检测,设定测试压强为250 kPa,金属扩散管温度为190℃,在优化的最佳分析条件下,即:载气流速为2000 mL/min,分离电压为152.8 V时,在正模式下获得了苯丙氨酸的离子特征谱图和补偿电压特征值-0.62 V.另外,利用FAIMS对不同浓度的苯丙氨酸样品气进行了检测,确定了FAIMS检测的定量线性范围为6～20 mg/L和检出限为5.9 mg/L.本实验为FAIMS应用于苯丙氨酸的快速检测提供了重要参考.     

Asymmetric synthesis of (–)-leiocarpin A via (–)-(S)-goniothalamin employing Julia–Kocienski olefination

A concise and enantioselective syntheses of antileukemic natural products such as (–)-(S)-goniothalamin and (–)-leiocarpin A has been accomplished in excellent yields. By employing reported conditions on suitable substrates via Julia–Kocienski olefination, intramolecular lactonization, and subsequently dehydroxylative olefination, (–)-(S)-goniothalamin was synthesized. Then Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation–intramolecular Michael addition on (–)-(S)-goniothalamin provided (–)-leiocarpin A.     

An Enantioselective Assembly of Dihydropyranones through an NHC/LiCl‐Mediated in situ Activation of α,β‐Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids

A straightforward N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)/LiCl‐mediated synthesis of dihydropyranones from α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids and 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds was realized through the in situ activation strategy. The key advantages of this protocol include ready availability and high stability of starting materials, good yields, and excellent enantioselectivity.     

Hierarchical NiCo2S4 Nanotube@NiCo2S4 Nanosheet Arrays on Ni Foam for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

Hierarchical NiCo₂S₄ nanotube@NiCo₂S₄ nanosheet arrays on Ni foam have been successfully synthesized. Owing to the unique hierarchical structure, enhanced capacitive performance can be attained. A specific capacitance up to 4.38 F cm^?2 is attained at 5 mA cm^?2, which is much higher than the specific capacitance values of NiCo₂O₄ nanosheet arrays, NiCo₂S₄ nanosheet arrays and NiCo₂S₄ nanotube arrays on Ni foam. The hierarchical NiCo₂S₄ nanostructure shows superior cycling stability; after 5000 cycles, the specific capacitance still maintains 3.5 F cm^?2. In addition, through the morphology and crystal structure measurement after cycling stability test, it is found that the NiCo₂S₄ electroactive materials are gradually corroded; however, the NiCo₂S₄ phase can still be well‐maintained. Our results show that hierarchical NiCo₂S₄ nanostructures are suitable electroactive materials for high performance supercapacitors.     

Engaging Allene‐Derived Zwitterions in an Unprecedented Mode of Asymmetric [3+2]‐Annulation Reaction

Catalytic addition of chiral phosphine, that is, (R)‐ or (S)‐SITCP, to an α‐substituted allene ester generated a zwitterionic dipole. Under optimized reaction conditions, this dipole could engage isatine‐derived N‐Boc‐ketimines in a novel mode of [3+2] annulation reaction. Pyrrolinyl spirooxindoles are thus afforded in high yields and with excellent enantioselectivities. The unprecedented annulation reaction successfully facilitated the construction of sp³‐rich and highly substituted 3,2′‐pyrrolidinyl spirooxindoles supporting many chiral centers.     

Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich Reaction with Dithiomalonates as Excellent Mannich Donors: Organocatalytic Synthesis of (R)‐Sitagliptin

In this study, dithiomalonates (DTMs) were demonstrated to be exceptionally efficient Mannich donors in terms of reactivity and stereoselectivity in cinchona‐based‐squaramide‐catalyzed enantioselective Mannich reactions of diverse imines or α‐amidosulfones as imine surrogates. Owing to the superior reactivity of DTMs as compared to conventional malonates, the catalyst loading could be reduced to 0.1 mol % without the erosion of enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee). Furthermore, by the use of a DTM, even some highly challenging primary alkyl α‐amidosulfones were smoothly converted into the desired adducts with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 97 % ee), whereas the use of a malonate or monothiomalonate resulted in no reaction under identical conditions. The synthetic utility of the chiral Mannich adducts obtained from primary alkyl substrates was highlighted by the organocatalytic, coupling‐reagent‐free synthesis of the antidiabetic drug (?)‐(R)‐sitagliptin.     

Enantioselective Generation of Adjacent Stereocenters in a Copper‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling of Imines,Allenes, and Diboranes

A highly enantio‐ and diastereoselective copper‐catalyzed three‐component coupling affords the first general synthesis of homoallylic amines bearing adjacent stereocenters from achiral starting materials. The method utilizes a commercially available NHC ligand and copper source, operates at ambient temperature, couples readily available simple imines, allenes, and diboranes, and yields high‐value homoallylic amines that exhibit versatile amino, alkenyl, and boryl units.     

Divergent and Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Silyl‐α‐Amino Acids through Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Silylation of Unactivated Primary and Secondary C−H Bonds

A general and practical Pd^II‐catalyzed intermolecular silylation of primary and secondary C?H bonds of α‐amino acids and simple aliphatic acids is reported. This method provides divergent and stereoselective access to a variety of optical pure β‐silyl‐α‐amino acids, which are useful for genetic technologies and proteomics. It can also be readily performed on a gram scale and the auxiliary can be easily removed with retention of configuration. The synthetic importance of this method is further demonstrated by the late‐stage functionalization of biological small molecules, such as (?)‐santonin and β‐cholic acid. Moreover, several key palladacycles were successfully isolated and characterized to elucidate the mechanism of this β?C(sp³)‐H silylation process.