采用一体化燃煤添加剂的燃烧中固硫作用研究

针对五个不同煤种 ,研制出与之相匹配的催化燃烧及固硫一体化添加剂 ,采用高温定硫仪对其燃烧固硫效果进行了评价 ,考察了温度、Ca S摩尔比等影响因素 ,并着重讨论了一体化添加剂中催化燃烧组分的协同固硫作用。结果表明 ,一体化添加剂中的金属催化组分对CaO固硫具有较大的协同促进作用 ,固硫作用适宜的Ca S摩尔比因而可适当降低 ,一体化添加剂在燃烧固硫方面比传统单一组分固硫剂更具优越性 ,从而使催化燃烧和燃烧固硫两个过程有机地结合在一起。     

碳酸酯类电解液中Mg(NO3)2添加剂抑制锂枝晶生长的研究

在锂-硫化聚丙烯腈电池体系中,负极锂枝晶的形成和生长严重恶化了电池充放电性能,并给电池带来了安全隐患。而在更有利于稳定正极硫化聚丙烯腈材料的碳酸酯类电解液中,锂枝晶生长尤为严重。本文通过将硝酸镁添加到碳酸酯类电解液中,研究硝酸根和镁离子对锂金属表面改性的共同作用。实验数据发现,在硝酸根和镁离子共同作用下,锂枝晶生长被有效抑制。当硝酸镁浓度为100 mmol·L^-1时,锂铜半电池的库仑效率明显提高,并显著改善了锂-硫化聚丙烯腈电池的循环性能。300次循环后容量保持率为71%,远高于硝酸锂的61%和无添加剂的50%。     

Influence of fused deposition modeling parameters on the mechanical properties of ABS parts

This work aims to determine the influence of fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing parameters on the mechanical properties of parts fabricated on an Ultimaker2 printer with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). The effect of several parameters such as interlayer cooling time (ILCT), nozzle diameter, infill density, raster angle and layer thickness on the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elastic modulus of produced parts was evaluated. Two independent studies were conducted: a first study dedicated to the ILCT and a second study where the influence of other parameters was evaluated through a design of experiments (DoE) approach. Both studies were carried out through the execution of standard tensile tests. The statistical analysis of tensile tests results was processed with the ANOVA methodology. The obtained results indicate that a reduced ILCT improves the tensile strength of parts. It is shown that nozzle diameter and infill density are the parameters that most influence the mechanical properties of ABS, with the upper range selected values improving the studied mechanical properties. The raster angle configuration of (?45^o/45^o) benefits UTS and yield strength of ABS samples. Interactions of nozzle diameter on layer thickness were detected. It was observed that smaller layer thickness promotes a higher elastic modulus and UTS; however, for thinner layers (0.06‐0.10 mm), no significant differences were found on strength of samples due to potential high distortion levels.     

引力波探测中的被动隔振系统

介绍了引力波探测实验中的被动隔振系统的基本原理和研究现状,讨论其性能及特点.低频被动隔振系统,如七级气体弹簧隔振系统,多级隔振堆,四级悬臂弹簧隔振系统以及三级弯曲弹簧隔振系统在10Hz以上,都具有好的隔振性能;倒摆、折叠摆、 X摆和锥摆等超低频水平隔振系统实现了几十秒的共振周期;建立在对称扭杆弹簧系统基础上,构思新颖的被动垂直隔振系统克服了传统被动垂直隔振系统无法解决的困难,实现了超低频被动垂直隔振.      

油酸修饰TiO2纳米微粒水溶液润滑下GCr15钢摩擦磨损性能研究

用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了脂肪酸修饰TiO2纳米微粒水溶液润滑下GCr15钢的摩擦磨损性能,并用电子探针和X射线光电子能谱研究了钢球磨损表面边界润滑膜的化学组成和元素分布.摩擦磨损试验结果表明:脂肪酸修饰TiO2纳米微粒在水中具有较好的润滑性能、良好的极压性能及较高的承载能力.添加质量分数为0.1%～1.0%的油酸TiO2纳米微粒可使水的承载能力提高6～12倍,烧结负荷提高51～100%,抗磨减摩性能也有较大提高,卡咬负荷由150N提高至1000～1800N.磨损表面分析表明:油酸TiO2纳米微粒在较高负荷(>300N)下发生了摩擦化学反应,生成含TiO2及油酸复合物的边界润滑膜,从而起减摩抗磨作用     

机械系统摩擦动力学研究进展

摩擦环节对机械系统动力学行为有重要、甚至可能是关键的影响. 深入研究摩擦及摩擦动力学特点,对于解决机械系统中摩擦带来的不利影响, 发挥其有利作用, 是非常重要的. 本文介绍和评述了机械系统摩擦动力学的研究进展, 包括常用的摩擦模型及其特性, 摩擦系统自激振动、强迫振动和摩擦振动控制等. 除理论研究方法之外, 重点讨论了制动噪声振动、摩擦耗能和多领域摩擦振动控制等摩擦动力学的应用研究.     

铋纳米微粒添加剂的摩擦学性能研究

采用液相分散法制备了平均粒径为60 nm的油溶性铋纳米微粒,用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了所制备的铋纳米微粒作为润滑油添加剂的减摩抗磨性能.结果表明,当添加量处于0.04%～1.00%范围内时,铋纳米微粒表现出良好的减摩抗磨性能,并能显著提高基础油的失效负荷.     

油溶性羧酸镧的合成及其摩擦学性能研究

合成了1种不含硫磷的新型稀土化合物,该化合物在液体石蜡中具有较好的溶解性.热重分析(TGA)表明该化合物热稳定性较好.采用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了其作为添加剂在液体石蜡中的减摩抗磨性能,结果表明当添加剂的含量为3.0%(w/w)时,与商业化的ZDDP相比具有更好的减摩抗磨效果.当与一定量的有机配体进行复配后,其性能可得到进一步提升.采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对磨斑表面进行了分析,结果发现La以羧酸镧和单质镧的形成存在,表明添加剂与金属表面发生了摩擦化学反应.俄歇电子能谱(AES)对元素的深度分布情况表明La向金属基体发生了渗透.含有羧酸镧的吸附膜和含有单质镧、羧酸亚铁的反应膜共同构成了高性能的边界润滑膜.     

Hitting probabilities and the Hausdorff dimension of the inverse images of a class of anisotropic random fields

Let X = {X(t):t ∈ R~N} be an anisotropic random field with values in R~d.Under certain conditions on X,we establish upper and lower bounds on the hitting probabilities of X in terms of respectively Hausdorff measure and Bessel-Riesz capacity.We also obtain the Hausdorff dimension of its inverse image,and the Hausdorff and packing dimensions of its level sets.These results are applicable to non-linear solutions of stochastic heat equations driven by a white in time and spatially homogeneous Gaussian noise and anisotropic Guassian random fields.     

Accumulation of Particles and Formation of a Dissipative Structure in a Nonequilibrium Bath

The standard textbooks contain good explanations of how and why equilibrium thermodynamics emerges in a reservoir with particles that are subjected to Gaussian noise. However, in systems that convert or transport energy, the noise is often not Gaussian. Instead, displacements exhibit an α-stable distribution. Such noise is commonly called Lévy noise. With such noise, we see a thermodynamics that deviates from what traditional equilibrium theory stipulates. In addition, with particles that can propel themselves, so-called active particles, we find that the rules of equilibrium thermodynamics no longer apply. No general nonequilibrium thermodynamic theory is available and understanding is often ad hoc. We study a system with overdamped particles that are subjected to Lévy noise. We pick a system with a geometry that leads to concise formulae to describe the accumulation of particles in a cavity. The nonhomogeneous distribution of particles can be seen as a dissipative structure, i.e., a lower-entropy steady state that allows for throughput of energy and concurrent production of entropy. After the mechanism that maintains nonequilibrium is switched off, the relaxation back to homogeneity represents an increase in entropy and a decrease of free energy. For our setup we can analytically connect the nonequilibrium noise and active particle behavior to entropy decrease and energy buildup with simple and intuitive formulae.