全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8283篇 |
免费 | 832篇 |
国内免费 | 907篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 2316篇 |
晶体学 | 17篇 |
力学 | 580篇 |
综合类 | 190篇 |
数学 | 5843篇 |
物理学 | 1076篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 10篇 |
2023年 | 122篇 |
2022年 | 261篇 |
2021年 | 285篇 |
2020年 | 285篇 |
2019年 | 244篇 |
2018年 | 257篇 |
2017年 | 263篇 |
2016年 | 302篇 |
2015年 | 236篇 |
2014年 | 380篇 |
2013年 | 602篇 |
2012年 | 380篇 |
2011年 | 478篇 |
2010年 | 404篇 |
2009年 | 512篇 |
2008年 | 479篇 |
2007年 | 490篇 |
2006年 | 468篇 |
2005年 | 408篇 |
2004年 | 367篇 |
2003年 | 385篇 |
2002年 | 325篇 |
2001年 | 277篇 |
2000年 | 267篇 |
1999年 | 248篇 |
1998年 | 261篇 |
1997年 | 207篇 |
1996年 | 144篇 |
1995年 | 100篇 |
1994年 | 88篇 |
1993年 | 89篇 |
1992年 | 59篇 |
1991年 | 46篇 |
1990年 | 39篇 |
1989年 | 20篇 |
1988年 | 25篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 12篇 |
1985年 | 33篇 |
1984年 | 28篇 |
1983年 | 15篇 |
1982年 | 29篇 |
1981年 | 19篇 |
1980年 | 21篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 343 毫秒
61.
We employ an agent‐based model to show that memory and the absence of an a priori best strategy are sufficient for self‐segregation and clustering to emerge in a complex adaptive system with discrete agents that do not compete over a limited resource nor contend in a winner‐take‐all scenario. An agent starts from a corner of a two‐dimensional lattice and aims to reach a randomly selected site in the opposite side within the shortest possible time. The agent is isolated during the course of its journey and does not interact with other agents. Time‐bound obstacles appear at random lattice locations and the agent must decide whether to challenge or evade any obstacle blocking its path. The agent is capable of adapting a strategy in dealing with an obstacle. We analyze the dependence of strategy‐retention time with strategy for both memory‐based and memory‐less agents. We derive the equality spectrum to establish the environmental conditions that favor the existence of an a priori best strategy. We found that memory‐less agents do not polarize into two opposite strategy‐retention time distributions nor cluster toward a center distribution. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 9: 41–46, 2004 相似文献
62.
Nikolaos S. PAPAGEORGIOU Nikolaos YANNAKAKIS 《数学学报(英文版)》2005,21(5):977-996
This is the first part of a work on second order nonlinear, nonmonotone evolution inclusions defined in the framework of an evolution triple of spaces and with a multivalued nonlinearity depending on both x(t) and x(t). In this first part we prove existence and relaxation theorems. We consider the case of an usc, convex valued nonlinearity and we show that for this problem the solution set is nonempty and compact in C^1 (T, H). Also we examine the Isc, nonconvex case and again we prove the existence of solutions. In addition we establish the existence of extremal solutions and by strengthening our hypotheses, we show that the extremal solutions are dense in C^1 (T, H) to the solutions of the original convex problem (strong relaxation). An example of a nonlinear hyperbolic optimal control problem is also discussed. 相似文献
63.
Athanossios Tzouvaras 《Mathematical Logic Quarterly》2003,49(3):284-292
The powerset operator, ??, is compared with other operators of similar type and logical complexity. Namely we examine positive operators whose defining formula has a canonical form containing at most a string of universal quantifiers. We call them ?‐operators. The question we address in this paper is: How is the class of ?‐operators generated ? It is shown that every positive ?‐operator Γ such that Γ(??) ≠ ??, is finitely generated from ??, the identity operator Id, constant operators and certain trivial ones by composition, ∪ and ∩. This extends results of [3] concerning bounded positive operators. 相似文献
65.
A. Truffert 《Annals of Operations Research》1991,30(1):115-156
The conditional expectation of integrands and random sets is the main tool of stochastic optimization. This work wishes to make up for the lack of real synthesis about this subject. We improve the existing hypothesis and simplify the corresponding proofs. In the convex case we especially study the problem of the exchange of conditional expectation and subdifferential operators. 相似文献
66.
Characteristics and structures of weak efficient surfaces of production possibility sets 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Quanling Wei Hong Yan Gang Hao 《Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications》2007,327(2):1055-1074
This paper studies the characteristics and structure of the weak surface of the production possibility set. We apply techniques and methods of transferring a polyhedral cone from its intersection form to its sum form, identify an intersection representation of the production possibility set. We give the structure theorem of weak surface of the production possibility set, which includes three complementary slackness conditions. We define the input weak efficiency and output weak efficiency for different DEA models according to the representation of the intersection form. It investigates the characteristics of the weak surfaces, and proves the structure theorems of input weak DEA efficiency and output weak DEA efficiency. The structure theorems establish weighted combination of inputs and outputs that are weak DEA efficient. Numerical examples are provided for illustration. 相似文献
67.
Idealization of a decomposition theorem 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
In 1986, Tong [13] proved that a function f : (X,τ)→(Y,φ) is continuous if and only if it is α-continuous and A-continuous. We extend this decomposition of continuity in terms of ideals. First, we introduce the notions of regular-I-closed sets, A
I-sets and A
I -continuous functions in ideal topological spaces and investigate their properties. Then, we show that a function f : (X,τ,I)→(Y, φ) is continuous if and only if it is α-I-continuous and A
I-continuous.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
68.
戴滨林 《数学物理学报(A辑)》2007,27(5):935-940
该文对高维非初等Mò'bius变换群进行了研究,得到了一些重要性质,给出了几个关于离散准则和代数收敛性的定理. 相似文献
69.
本文给出递归集的Hausdorff维数的下界估计,并由此确定了一类递归集的维数,所获结果包含并推广了Bedford,Dekking及文志英、钟红柳等人的有关结果。 相似文献
70.
On a question of Gross 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abhijit Banerjee 《Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications》2007,327(2):1273-1283
Using the notion of weighted sharing of sets we prove two uniqueness theorems which improve the results proved by Fang and Qiu [H. Qiu, M. Fang, A unicity theorem for meromorphic functions, Bull. Malaysian Math. Sci. Soc. 25 (2002) 31-38], Lahiri and Banerjee [I. Lahiri, A. Banerjee, Uniqueness of meromorphic functions with deficient poles, Kyungpook Math. J. 44 (2004) 575-584] and Yi and Lin [H.X. Yi, W.C. Lin, Uniqueness theorems concerning a question of Gross, Proc. Japan Acad. Ser. A 80 (2004) 136-140] and thus provide an answer to the question of Gross [F. Gross, Factorization of meromorphic functions and some open problems, in: Proc. Conf. Univ. Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 1976, in: Lecture Notes in Math., vol. 599, Springer, Berlin, 1977, pp. 51-69], under a weaker hypothesis. 相似文献