Metal-amyloid-β peptide interactions: a preliminary investigation of molecular mechanisms for Alzheimer''''s disease

Although humans have spent exactly 100 years combating Alzheimer's disease (AD), the molecular mechanisms of AD remain unclear. Owing to the rapid growth of the oldest age groups of the population and the continuous increase of the incidence of AD, it has become one of the crucial problems to modern sciences. It would be impossible to prevent or reverse AD at the root without elucidating its molecular mechanisms. From the point of view of metal-amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) interactions, we review the molecular mechanisms of AD, mainly including Cu2 and Zn2 inducing the aggregation of Aβ, catalysing the production of active oxygen species from Aβ, as well as interacting with the ion-channel-like structures of Aβ. Moreover, the development of therapeutic drugs on the basis of metal-Aβ interactions is also briefly introduced. With the increasingly rapid progress of the molecular mechanisms of AD, we are now entering a new dawn that promises the delivery of revolutionary developments for the control of dementias.     

A Novel Stepwise Recovery Strategy of Cellulase Adsorbed to the Residual Substrate after Hydrolysis of Steam Exploded Wheat Straw

Cellulase distribution between residual substrate and supernatant in the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of steam-exploded wheat straw was investigated. Subsequently, a novel stepwise recovery strategy with three successive steps was adopted to recover cellulase adsorbed to the residual substrate. The results showed that cellulase protein in the supernatant increased as the hydrolysis time increased. When hydrolysis ended, the cellulase remaining on the residual substrate accounted for 33–42% of the original added cellulase according to the different cellulase loading. To obtain the maximum cellulase recovery rate, the residual substrate was dealt with in three successive steps: washed with sodium acetate buffer (step 1), shaken with sodium acetate buffer (step 2), and then treated with 0.0015 mol/L, pH 10 Ca(OH)₂ (step 3). The total cellulase protein recovered by the three steps reached 96.70–98.14%. The enzyme activity of cellulase recovered by the first two steps was kept well. The ratios of the specific activity between the recovered cellulase and the original were 89–96%, which was by far higher than that using step 3 (the value was 48% ∼ 56%).     

表面增强拉曼光谱技术研究进展

表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)具有检测灵敏度高、分析速度快等优点,是一种颇具潜力的痕量分析技术。SERS技术的关键在于通过机理研究制备出稳定性高、灵敏度高、重现性好的活性基底,从而实现痕量物质的定量分析。对SERS活性基底的发展和SERS在一些领域的应用进行了综述,提出了亟待解决的问题。     

Identification of triacylglycerol using automated annotation of high resolution multistage mass spectral trees

High complexity of identification for non-target triacylglycerols (TAGs) is a major challenge in lipidomics analysis. To identify non-target TAGs, a powerful tool named accurate MSⁿ spectrometry generating so-called ion trees is used. In this paper, we presented a technique for efficient structural elucidation of TAGs on MSⁿ spectral trees produced by LTQ Orbitrap MSⁿ, which was implemented as an open source software package, or TIT. The TIT software was used to support automatic annotation of non-target TAGs on MSⁿ ion trees from a self-built fragment ion database. This database includes 19108 simulate TAG molecules from a random combination of fatty acids and corresponding 500582 self-built multistage fragment ions (MS ≤ 3). Our software can identify TAGs using a “stage-by-stage elimination” strategy. By utilizing the MS¹ accurate mass and referenced RKMD, the TIT software can discriminate unique elemental composition candidates. The regiospecific isomers of fatty acyl chains will be distinguished using MS² and MS³ fragment spectra. We applied the algorithm to the selection of 45 TAG standards and demonstrated that the molecular ions could be 100% correctly assigned. Therefore, the TIT software could be applied to TAG identification in complex biological samples such as mouse plasma extracts.     

利用手持技术探究不同洗涤剂乳化能力的强弱

影响洗涤剂去油污能力的关键因素是表面活性剂的乳化能力,为了探究不同洗涤剂乳化能力的强弱,先利用手持技术对常用表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠的水溶液进行了探究,结果发现乳化能力的强弱可以通过乳状液的电导率下降比率来反映。因此利用手持技术,通过电导率传感器采集不同洗涤剂与植物油混合搅拌时乳状液的电导率下降比率,来判断其去油污能力的强弱。     

Diisocyanate route as a convenient method for the preparation of novel optically active poly(amide-imide)s based on N-trimellitylimido-S-valine

A new class of optically active poly(amide-imide)s based on an α-amino acid was synthesized via direct polycondensation reaction of different diisocyanates with a chiral diacid monomer. The step-growth polymerization reactions of N-trimellitylimido-S-valine (TISV) (1) with 4,4′-methylene-bis(4-phenylisocyanate) (MDI) (2) was performed under microwave irradiation, as well as solution polymerization under graduate heating and reflux conditions. The optimized polymerization conditions for each method were performed with tolylene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) (3), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) (4), and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) (5) to produce optically active poly(amide-imide)s via diisocyanate route. The resulting polymers have inherent viscosities in the range of 0.02-1.10 dL/g. Decomposition temperatures for 5% weight loss (T₅) occurred above 300 °C (by TGA) in nitrogen atmospheres. These polymers are optically active, thermally stable and soluble in amide-type solvents. Some structural characterization and physical properties of this new optically active poly(amide-imide)s are reported.     

助剂Ni与载体的相互作用及其对NiMo/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

以γ-Al_2O_3为载体,制备了一系列不同NiO负载量的NiMo/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂,利用XRD、~(27)Al-MAS NMR、Py-FTIR和HRTEM等技术对其进行了表征;在高压微反装置对该系列催化剂的加氢脱硫性能进行了评价,研究了助剂Ni与载体γ-Al_2O_3中不饱和铝间的相互作用及其对催化剂活性相结构形貌和催化活性的影响。结果表明,助剂Ni优先作用于γ-Al_2O_3表面的四配位不饱和铝原子位置;随着NiO负载量的增加,硫化态NiMo/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂中MoS_2活性相的长度变短、堆垛层数增加。Ni的引入能明显提高NiMo/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的加氢脱硫活性,但其加氢选择性则有所降低。     

焙烧温度对CuCe/AC催化剂甲醇氧化羰基化性能的影响

采用先浸渍Ce后浸渍Cu的方法制备了活性炭(AC)负载CuCe催化剂,考察了焙烧温度对CuCe/AC催化剂表面结构及其催化甲醇气相氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)性能的影响,并采用XRD、XPS和H2-TPR等表征分析了活性组分含量和价态等性质。结果表明,催化剂中高价态的Cu~(2+)逐渐被还原为低价态的Cu~+和Cu~0,催化剂中发生Cu~(2+)→Cu~+→Cu~0的还原变化过程。催化剂经450℃焙烧处理后,催化剂中仍然存在一定量的Cu_2O晶相,表明Ce与Cu的相互作用抑制了部分Cu_2O的还原。当焙烧处理温度为300℃时,催化剂中的Cu~+含量达到最高,此时催化剂的活性达到最优,DMC的时空收率、选择性以及甲醇转化率分别为143.4mg/(g·h)、85.2%和4.1%。     

表面活性离子液体溴化N-十二烷基异喹啉与非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100在水溶液中的混合胶束

用等温滴定微量热法测定表面活性离子液体溴化N-十二烷基异喹啉([C₁₂iQuin]Br)与非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100混合物在水溶液中的临界胶束浓度。并以¹H核磁共振(NMR)和二维核Overhauser效应增强谱(2D NOESY)研究[C₁₂iQuin]Br与Triton X-100在混合胶束中的作用机理。研究结果显示：混合胶束中,Triton X-100分子的苯环定位于混合胶束的内核,聚氧乙烯链卷曲在异喹啉环周围。本文还应用规则溶液理论和浊点法对比研究了十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)-Triton X-100混合胶束体系的相关性质。