Cancer immunotherapy aims at stimulating the immune system to react against cancer stealth capabilities. It consists of repeatedly injecting small doses of a tumor-associated molecule one wants the immune system to recognize, until a consistent immune response directed against the tumor cells is observed.
We have applied the theory of optimal control to the problem of finding the optimal schedule of injections of an immunotherapeutic agent against cancer. The method employed works for a general ODE system and can be applied to find the optimal protocol in a variety of clinical problems where the kinetics of the drug or treatment and its influence on the normal physiologic functions have been described by a mathematical model.
We show that the choice of the cost function has dramatic effects on the kind of solution the optimization algorithm is able to find. This provides evidence that a careful ODE model and optimization schema must be designed by mathematicians and clinicians using their proper different perspectives. 相似文献
We consider a single harmonic oscillator coupled to a bath
at zero temperature. As is well-known, the oscillator then has a
higher average energy than that given by its ground state. Here we
show analytically that for a damping model with arbitrarily discrete
distribution of bath modes and damping models with continuous
distributions of bath modes with cut-off frequencies, this excess
energy is less than the work needed to couple the system to the
bath, therefore, the quantum second law is not violated. On the
other hand, the second law may be violated for bath modes without
cut-off frequencies, which are, however, physically unrealistic
models.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
In this paper, we obtain a 1+1 dimensional integrable differential-difference model for the sine-Gordon equation by Hirota's discretization method. A bilinear Backlund transformation and the associated Lax pair are also proposed/or this model. 相似文献
Twist stiffness and an asymmetric bending stiffness of a polymer or a polymer bundle is captured by the elastic ribbon model.
We investigate the effects a ring geometry induces to a thermally fluctuating ribbon, finding bend-bend coupling in addition
to twist-bend coupling. Furthermore, due to the geometric constraint the polymer's effective bending stiffness increases.
A new parameter for experimental investigations of polymer bundles is proposed: the mean square diameter of a ribbonlike ring,
which is determined analytically in the semiflexible limit. Monte Carlo simulations are performed which affirm the model's
prediction up to high flexibility. 相似文献
We consider the creation of the maximum Raman coherence in the six-level Λ system using optimal control theory. Optimal fields are designed for different initial conditions, resonant, and off-resonant, using the Krotov method including a reference field into the cost functional. Suppression of the population transfer to the intermediate level is achieved via an additional functional constraint which depends on the system dynamics. We demonstrate that the spectrum of the optimised fields has major contribution from the corresponding resonant frequencies independently of the choice of carrier frequency of the initial guess field. We also indicate that the pulse train emerges as a solution of the control problem of coherence optimisation in multi-level quantum systems. 相似文献