接地式三要素型动力吸振器性能分析

利用固定点理论优化接地类型的动力吸振器得到的结果可能不是全局最优参数,在选择其他参数时主系统可以获得更小的振幅, 接地类型动力吸振器的优化问题值得进一步研究. 因此,以一种接地式三要素型动力吸振器为对象,通过研究系统参数变化对固 定点位置与主系统最大振幅的影响,得到了此吸振器的局部最优参数并分析了它的性能. 首先建立了此系统模型的运动微分方程, 得到了主系统振幅放大因子,发现系统存在3个与阻尼无关的固定点. 固定点中幅值较大点随系统参数变化的趋势可以代表最大振 幅随系统参数变化的趋势,因此利用盛金公式得到了固定点幅值的表达式. 为了更加精确,进一步使用数值算法得到了最大振幅与 系统参数的关系图,发现系统中存在局部最优参数. 通过对比接地式吸振器与接地三要素型吸振器的最大振幅随系统参数变化的趋 势,得到了接地式三要素型吸振器的局部最优参数,并发现当固有频率比小于局部最优频率比时,接地式三要素型吸振器模型主系 统的最大振幅要远小于接地式动力吸振器模型.      

基于波动法的框式结构功率流主动控制方法与实验研究

为了研究扰动影响下框式结构中的功率流传播与主动控制,首先采用波动方法建立了框式结构的动力学模型并获得了其在扰动下的精确动力学响应,进一步得到结构中传播的功率流,并以此为目标函数,优化得到了最优控制力的大小与相位,然后对结构施加最优控制力,实现了框式结构的功率流主动控制.对框式结构功率流主动控制方法进行了数值计算分析与实验验证.结果表明:采用波动方法计算框式结构的动力学响应精确可靠;通过数值计算与实验研究可知功率流主动控制可以明显降低框式结构全频域内的抖动,验证了基于波动方法功率流主动控制的正确性与有效性.     

考查变量控制能力的科学探究题的命题与思考*

以一道科学探究题的命题为例,从题目的研发、学生问题反馈、教学策略改进等角度研究科学探究问题,寻找学生困惑的根源,找到对应教学改进策略,帮助学生提升科学探究能力。     

High‐performance liquid chromatographic column packings with different particle sizes: Chromatographic behavior for the quality analysis of HuanglianShangqing pill

The chromatographic separation of traditional Chinese medicines is still a highly challenging task in analytical science with respect to its hundreds and thousands of chemical compounds, while increase of separation efficiency can greatly improve the separation power of chromatographic column for traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, 13 bioactive components in HuanglianShangqing pill were selected as an index to optimize the separation conditions and evaluate the system suitability of three commercially available columns packed with 1.8, 3.5, and 5.0 μm particles. The chromatographic separations were obtained by the most appropriate Eclipse Plus C₁₈ column (100 × 2.1 mm, 3.5 μm) within 45 min using gradient elution with aqueous‐ammonium acetate (10 mmol/L, pH 5.0) and acetonitrile, at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min and an operating temperature of 30°C. The quality of HuanglianShangqing pill was assessed through combining simultaneous quantification of 13 compounds with fingerprint analysis. For the qualitative analysis, mass spectrometry was used to confirm the 13 compounds. All the validation data conformed to the acceptable requirements. For the fingerprint analysis, 32 peaks were selected as the common peaks at 254 nm to evaluate the similarities among HuanglianShangqing pills obtained from ten manufacturers.     

A unified treatment of maximum principle and dynamic programming in stochastic controls

An optimal stochastic control problem is considered in this paper, where the diffusion coefficient also depends on the control and is possibly degenerate. In addition to the usual adjoint process, a second-order adjoint process is introduced. Some relationships between the value function and the adjoint processes are presented via the “super- and sub-differential” which is related to the viscosity solution, without assuming the smoothness of the value function. The maximum principle, dynamic programming and their connections are then established within a unified framework of viscosity solution     

A statistical process control approach to selecting a warm-up period for a discrete-event simulation

The selection of a warm-up period for a discrete-event simulation continues to be problematic. A variety of selection methods have been devised, and are briefly reviewed. It is apparent that no one method can be recommended above any other. A new approach, based upon the principles of statistical process control, is described (SPC method). Because simulation output data are often highly autocorrelated and potentially non-normal, the batch means method is employed in constructing the control chart. The SPC method is tested on seven data sets and encouraging results are obtained concerning its accuracy. The approach is also discussed with respect to its ease of implementation, simplicity, generality of use and requirements for parameter estimation.     

ADAPTIVE CONTROL AND IDENTIFICATION OF CHAOTIC SYSTEMS

A novel adaptive control and identification on-line method is proposed for a class of chaotic system with uncertain parameters. We prove that, using the presented method, a controller and identifier is developed which can remove chaos in nonlinear systems and make the system asymptotically stabilizing to an arbitrarily desired smooth orbit. And at the same time, estimates to uncertain parameters converge to their true values. The advantage of our method over the existing result is that the controller and identifier is directly constructed by analytic formula without knowing unknown bounds about uncertain parameters in advance. A computer simulation example is given to validate the proposed approach.     

提高金属有机骨架材料在二氧化碳热催化转化中的性能:策略及前景展望

近年来,大气中CO2的浓度不断增加,带来全球变暖等一系列严重后果,成为国际社会共同关注的环境问题.将CO2催化转化为高附加值化学品可有效降低其向大气中的排放,同时可实现其资源化利用,符合低碳社会的发展目标.目前,已有多种催化体系实现了CO2向不同化学品的转化.然而,由于CO2自身的热力学稳定性和动力学惰性,这些转化通常需要在苛刻的反应条件和较高能耗下进行.设计开发高效催化体系、实现温和条件下CO2的转化利用引起了工业界和学术界的广泛兴趣.金属有机骨架材料(MOFs)是一类由有机配体和金属中心通过配位键组装而成的有机-无机杂化材料,在很多方面展现出良好的应用性能.由于其结构的多样性、可设计性、高比表面积和多孔性等独特性质,MOFs在催化领域吸引了很多研究者的关注.其中,MOFs作为非均相催化剂在CO2热催化转化中表现出良好的应用前景,已实现多种CO2向高值化学品的转化路径.但这些催化体系也存在一些缺点,如有些MOFs材料在催化反应中稳定性差以及其微孔性对反应中的传质造成限制等.因此,设计稳定的MOFs和MOF-基材料并对其结构进行优化改性,从而在温和条件下实现高效的CO2转化具有重要意义.本文综述了提高MOFs在CO2热催化转化反应中性能的几种策略:(1)对MOFs结构中的配体进行设计,包括具有活性官能团的配体、活性配合物作为配体和引入混合配体设计多元MOF;(2)调节MOFs结构中的金属中心,设计混合金属中心和包含活性金属团簇的金属中心;(3)构筑多级孔MOFs;(4)设计MOF-基的复合材料,包括MOFs作为载体与金属纳米颗粒、活性配合物和聚合物构建复合材料;(5)利用MOFs作为前驱体制备MOF-基衍生物材料,重点阐述了如何增加MOFs作为非均相催化剂的催化活性位点以及在CO2转化反应中各位点之间的协同作用.此外,介绍了原位表征技术在MOF-基材料用于CO2固定和转化中的应用.最后,分析了MOF-基非均相催化材料在CO2热催化转化领域目前面临的问题和挑战,包括MOFs材料结构优化、催化机理研究和规模化制备等方面,并对未来的发展趋势进行了展望.     

灵敏度控制思想在主动膜系设计中的快速实现算法

 基于斜入射薄膜制备实践中镀膜误差对光谱性能的严重退化影响的认识,提出了一种基于灵敏度控制思想的主动膜系设计方法。在深入分析了镀膜中膜层结构参数误差的分布规律的基础上,运用膜系光谱系数关于膜层参数的导数计算的解析模型,建立了膜系灵敏度的定量计算模型和快速实现算法。以一45°入射高精度消偏振增透膜的设计实验为例,探讨了灵敏度控制思想在膜系设计中的可行性、快速性和有效性。结果表明,这一新型设计方法不会显著增加程序时间消耗,能获得具有良好可镀制性能的薄膜,对于正入射和宽角度入射膜同样适用,而且可以避免昂贵的失败试镀和采样,有助于缩短新薄膜的生产周期,特别是对于高精度斜入射薄膜的重复性制备具有重要意义。     

基于碳化硅衬底的宽禁带半导体外延

宽禁带半导体具备禁带宽度大、电子饱和飘移速度高、击穿场强大等优势,是制备高功率密度、高频率、低损耗电子器件的理想材料。碳化硅(SiC)材料具有热导率高、化学稳定性好、耐高温等优点,在SiC衬底上外延宽禁带半导体材料,对充分发挥宽禁带半导体材料的优势,并提升宽禁带半导体电子器件的性能具有重要意义。得益于SiC衬底质量持续提升及成本不断降低,基于SiC衬底的宽禁带半导体电子市场占比呈现逐年增加的态势。在SiC衬底上外延生长高质量的宽禁带半导体材料是提高宽禁带半导体电子器件性能及可靠性的关键瓶颈。本文综述了近年来国内外研究者们在SiC衬底上外延SiC、氮化镓(GaN)、氧化镓(Ga₂O₃)所取得的研究进展,并展望了SiC衬底上宽禁带半导体外延的发展及应用前景。