薄膜沿加热平板下落的稳定性分布

本文分析了薄膜沿加热平板下落的稳定性。在时间模式下，发现流动的不稳定性是由表面波不稳定和加毛细不稳定构成的，同时当流体的热扩散越大以及界面热量损失越小时，热毛细不稳定越剧烈，在时空模式下，流动随着Marangoni数的增大。流动有可能从对流不稳定过渡到绝对不稳定，这一结论尚待实验验证。     

圆柱尾流的绝对不稳定性

在水槽和低湍流度水洞中进行亚临界雷诺数圆柱尾流稳定性实验来流速度由零缓慢增长到一定值后保持不变,稳定足够长时间后,在流向某站位处给流场一个有限幅值的脉冲扰动,测量扰动前后相当长时间内下游尾流速度信号的变化情况当雷诺数处于高亚临界值时,未受扰动的尾流速度脉动很小,处于定常状态,但对近尾流进行脉冲扰动后,能够激发出不衰减的旋涡脱落发现扰动位置限制在圆柱后一定范围内才能有效,再往下游则扰动随时间衰减．说明圆柱近尾流中存在一个绝对不稳定区,在该区域内的扰动将在当地放大,经过复杂的演化,最后形成不衰减的旋涡脱落.     

Exponential Behavior of Solutions to Stochastic Integrodifferential Equations with Distributed Delays

In this work, we study the existence, uniqueness, and exponential asymptotic behavior of mild solutions to stochastic integrodifferential delay evolution equations. We assume that the non-delay part generates a C₀-semigroup.     

聚丙烯腈基碳纤维原丝在纺丝过程中纳米孔变化规律与机理研究

应用小角X射线散射等方法, 系统、定量地测试表征了聚丙烯腈基碳纤维原丝中纳米孔的尺寸、形状、体积分数、单位体积中纳米孔绝对数量以及纤维总孔洞率等形态结构参量, 并对这些参量在水洗、水洗牵伸、热致密化、高压蒸汽牵伸及热稳定化等工艺过程中的变化规律及原因进行了研究. 结果表明, 纺丝过程中牵伸及高温热处理均可使纤维总孔洞率逐步下降. 纳米孔尺寸体积分数V_i测试表明, 对于小于10 nm³的小纳米孔和大于10³ nm³的较大纳米孔, 两者的V_i在纺丝初期水洗牵伸工艺中分别为0.217和0.369, 而在纺丝后期热稳定化处理后发生大幅度改变, 分别为0.948 与0.015. 其原因并不是在高压蒸汽牵伸及热稳定处理中较小纳米孔含量的增加, 而是较大纳米孔含量的大幅度减少. 纳米孔形状研究表明, 纺丝工艺中的多次牵伸处理均使纳米孔的长短轴比加大, 而大于玻璃化温度的热处理均使纳米孔长短轴比收缩, 并且对于较小纳米孔来说这种收缩更为显著.     

A mean value theorem for metric spaces

We present a form of the Mean Value Theorem (MVT) for a continuous function f between metric spaces, connecting it with the possibility to choose the relation of f in a homeomorphic way. We also compare our formulation of the MVT with the classic one when the metric spaces are open subsets of Banach spaces. As a consequence, we derive a version of the Mean Value Propriety for measure spaces that also possesses a compatible metric structure.     

Pointwise versus equal (quasi-normal) convergence via ideals

We prove a characterization showing when the ideal pointwise convergence does not imply the ideal equal (aka quasi-normal) convergence. The characterization is expressed in terms of a cardinal coefficient related to the bounding number b$\mathfrak{b}$. We also prove a characterization showing when the ideal equal limit is unique.     

Acceleration of self-consistent-field convergence by combining conventional diagonalization and a diagonalization-free procedure

A new scheme that combines conventional matrix diagonalization with the recently proposed diagonalization-free algorithm has been developed to obtain the density matrix for the next self-consistent-field iteration from the Fock matrix of the current iteration. In this manner, the advantages of the two methods are combined. The more rapid convergence of the diagonalization-free algorithm for density matrices rather close to self consistence and the more robust convergence of the conventional matrix diagonalization further away from self-consistence. The scheme has been implemented in the one- and two-component self-consistent-field procedures in the program system TURBOMOLE. The number of iterations is typically reduced by about 10%, but savings are usually much larger for slowly converging cases.     

Automated flow-based anion-exchange method for high-throughput isolation and real-time monitoring of RuBisCO in plant extracts

In this work, a miniaturized, completely enclosed multisyringe-flow system is proposed for high-throughput purification of RuBisCO from Triticum aestivum extracts. The automated method capitalizes on the uptake of the target protein at 4 °C onto Q-Sepharose Fast Flow strong anion-exchanger packed in a cylindrical microcolumn (105 × 4 mm) followed by a stepwise ionic-strength gradient elution (0-0.8 mol/L NaCl) to eliminate concomitant extract components and retrieve highly purified RuBisCO. The manifold is furnished downstream with a flow-through diode-array UV/vis spectrophotometer for real-time monitoring of the column effluent at the protein-specific wavelength of 280 nm to detect the elution of RuBisCO. Quantitation of RuBisCO and total soluble proteins in the eluate fractions were undertaken using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and the spectrophotometric Bradford assay, respectively. A comprehensive investigation of the effect of distinct concentration gradients on the isolation of RuBisCO and experimental conditions (namely, type of resin, column dimensions and mobile-phase flow rate) upon column capacity and analyte breakthrough was effected. The assembled set-up was aimed to critically ascertain the efficiency of preliminary batchwise pre-treatments of crude plant extracts (viz., polyethylenglycol (PEG) precipitation, ammonium sulphate precipitation and sucrose gradient centrifugation) in terms of RuBisCO purification and absolute recovery prior to automated anion-exchange column separation. Under the optimum physical and chemical conditions, the flow-through column system is able to admit crude plant extracts and gives rise to RuBisCO purification yields better than 75%, which might be increased up to 96 ± 9% with a prior PEG fractionation followed by sucrose gradient step.     

大港常压渣油临氮与临氢热反应过程中胶体稳定性变化研究

对比了大港常压渣油临氮和临氢热反应过程中的胶体稳定性变化。结果表明,随着反应时间的延长,在热反应生焦诱导期内,渣油样品的胶体稳定性迅速下降;开始生焦后,胶体稳定性缓慢下降。从组分组成和组分性质角度,对大港常压渣油样品在热反应过程中胶体稳定性变化原因进行了分析。结果表明,随着反应时间的延长,沥青质含量先上升、后下降,在生焦诱导期结束时达到最大值,与体系胶体稳定性的变化特征相一致。随着热反应的进行,饱和分和轻芳烃组分的含量在上升,重芳烃、轻胶质、中胶质、重胶质含量下降,临氮热反应过程中轻胶质、中胶质、重胶质含量的下降更为显著。对渣油样品各组分的数均相对分子质量和平均偶极矩进行了研究。结果表明,随着热反应的进行,轻、中、重胶质组分的数均相对分子质量和平均偶极矩呈下降趋势,而沥青质的数均相对分子质量和偶极矩先增大后减小,从而使沥青质和胶质的分子性质差别先增加后减小,与体系胶体稳定性的变化趋势一致;同时沥青质的偶极矩变化表明,强极性的沥青质优先聚集生焦、临氢热反应过程中,氢与催化剂的作用有助于抑制沥青质分子量增大和极性增强,从而有助于抑制生焦。