Based on a recursive Green's function method, we investigate the conductance of mesoscopic graphene rings in the presence of disorder, in the limit of phase coherent transport. Two models of disorder are considered: edge disorder and surface disorder. Our simulations show that the conductance decreases exponentially with the edge disorder and the surface disorder. In the presence of flux, a clear Aharonov-Bohm conductance oscillation with the period Φ0 (Φ0=h/e) is observed. The edge disorder and the surface disorder have no effect on the period of AB oscillation. The amplitudes of AB oscillations vary with gate voltage and flux, which is consistent with the previous results. Additionally, ballistic rectification and negative differential resistance are observed in I-V curves, with on/off characteristic. 相似文献
A (right -) module is said to be a Whitehead test module for projectivity (shortly: a p-test module) provided for each module , implies is projective. Dually, i-test modules are defined. For example, is a p-test abelian group iff each Whitehead group is free. Our first main result says that if is a right hereditary non-right perfect ring, then the existence of p-test modules is independent of ZFC + GCH. On the other hand, for any ring , there is a proper class of i-test modules. Dually, there is a proper class of p-test modules over any right perfect ring.
A non-semisimple ring is said to be fully saturated (-saturated) provided that all non-projective (-generated non-projective) modules are i-test. We show that classification of saturated rings can be reduced to the indecomposable ones. Indecomposable 1-saturated rings fall into two classes: type I, where all simple modules are isomorphic, and type II, the others. Our second main result gives a complete characterization of rings of type II as certain generalized upper triangular matrix rings, . The four parameters involved here are skew-fields and , and natural numbers . For rings of type I, we have several partial results: e.g. using a generalization of Bongartz Lemma, we show that it is consistent that each fully saturated ring of type I is a full matrix ring over a local quasi-Frobenius ring. In several recent papers, our results have been applied to Tilting Theory and to the Theory of -modules.
We investigate the spatial behaviour of the quantum-noise-reduction spectrum of the vacuum state emitted by a degenerate optical
parametric oscillator below threshold. In view of possible experimental implementations, we consider a mode-degenerate resonator
and two matching lenses and show that, for the realistic case of a finite-width pump, significant level of squeezing can be
observed in a very small region of the beam.
Received 25 September 2002 Published online 11 February 2003 相似文献
The optical limiting properties of acid blue29 solutions in different solvents are investigated. Experiments are performed using a CW He-Ne Laser beam at 632.8 nm wavelength and 35 mW power. The strength of the optical limiting action is dramatically influenced by the solvent. Multiple diffraction rings were observed when the samples were exposed to laser radiation. The effect of concentration, solvent and laser intensity on the diffraction rings are studied experimentally. Our results show that the nonlinear refraction is the dominant mechanism to explain the optical limiting behavior in acid blue29. 相似文献
A novel method for mass measurements of short-lived exotic nuclides is presented. Exotic nuclides were produced and separated
in flight at relativistic energies with the fragment separator (FRS) and were injected into the experimental storage ring
(ESR). Operating the ESR in the isochronous mode we performed mass measurements of neutron deficient fragments of 84Kr with half-lives larger than 50 ms. However, this experimental technique is applicable in a half-life range down to a few
μs. A mass resolving power of 110000 (FWHM) has been achieved. Results are presented for the masses of 68As, 70,71Se and 73Br.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
The paper proposes a general procedure to find the form of the gauge fixing term in the extended BRST quantization of the gauge theories, a difficult problem in the standard approach. Our proposal is based on the many level structure of the extended spaces and leads to a simple form of the gauge fixing term. The abelian 2‐form model is completely analyzed as an example. 相似文献