Optimized Selection of Water Resource Allocation Schemes Based on Improved Connection Entropy in Beijing’s Southern Plain

Increased urbanization has caused problems such as increasing water consumption and the continuous deterioration of the groundwater environment. It is necessary to consider the groundwater quality in the water resource optimization system and increase the rate of reclaimed water development to reduce the amount of groundwater exploitation and achieve sustainable development of water resources. This study used the Daxing District, a region of Beijing’s southern plain, as an example to evaluate water quality by analyzing water quality data of surface and groundwater from 2012 to 2016 and actual water-use schemes from 2006 to 2016. Three groundwater extraction modes were set up based on NO₃–N concentrations, water resources were optimized under three extraction modes, and water resource optimization schemes were determined based on the improved connection entropy. The results show that (1) the surface water quality was poor, and the proportion of V₄ type water in the indexes of NH₃–N and chemical oxygen demand (COD) was the largest. The surface water can only be used for agricultural irrigation. The pollution sources contributing most to NH₃–N and COD were domestic and agricultural pollution sources. (2) The groundwater quality was good. The NO₃–N index was primarily type I–III water, accounting for 95.20% of the total samples. Severe NH₃–N pollution areas were mainly in the northern region, and most regional groundwater can be used for various purposes. (3) Taking 2016 as an example, three groundwater exploitation modes were set to optimize water resource allocation, and the results showed that the rate of groundwater development and NO₃–N pollution decreased significantly after optimization. (4) Connection entropy is an evaluation method that combines connection numbers and entropy, including identify, difference, and opposition entropy. As connection entropy being a kind of complete entropy, which can reflect the difference of the system in different states, based on the improved connection entropy, the connection entropies of optimal water resource allocation and actual water-use schemes were calculated. The connection entropy of groundwater exploitation mode 3 was less than that of groundwater exploitation modes 1 and 2 and actual water-use schemes from 2006 to 2016. Therefore, exploitation mode 3’s water resource optimization scheme was recommended. In the paper, satisfactory results have been obtained. As a kind of complete entropy, connection entropy has great research value in dealing with complex hydrological problems. This study’s research methods and outcomes can provide methodological and theoretical lessons for water management in freshwater-deficient areas.     

分布式计算机软件数据整合平台设计

为实现当前经济市场中各应用软件的整合,提高我国各行业间个性化软件的开发能力,加强企业间的科学化系统软件设立,保证企业的高效运行,以及质量和系统维护能力;根据较为常用的分布式计算机系统,提出一种软件数据整合平台的设计;以商用软件整合平台设计为例,以开发模式、服务、技术结构、功能为研究方向,在企业正常运行时,可以实现业务系统功能开发以及门户单点登录,提高企业的个性化系统应用和经济效益;本文根据以上基本需求提出该功能软件平台进行设计,并在实际应用中分析出对于当前企业发展所提供的助力;结果显示,在当前经济发展状况下,有效地使用软件数据整合平台可以很大程度上提高企业的科学化管理和有效的资源分配,使企业在市场竞争中提高经济效益和社会效益。     

多组全动型变焦系统新型设计

为了寻找简单的多组全动型变焦系统的解算方法及降低全动型变焦距系统设计时对经验的过分依赖,提出了一种全新的方法来计算系统组元的光焦度分配。以组元之间的间隔为初始量,把组元的运动形式作为自由量,通过计算公式求出满足间隔要求的光焦度分配和组元运动形式。该方法在一定程度上降低了变焦系统光焦度分配的难度,更重要的是,为探寻新的变焦运动方式提供了一种新的思路。在得到系统的光焦度分配之后又推导出一种求解系统组元移动曲线的简单方法。为了验证该方法的可行性,设计了一个四组式全动型变焦系统。所设计系统优化后的光焦度分配值和计算的结果都很接近,并且得到了组元的移动曲线,从而验证了该方法的正确性。     

Multi-user cognitive radio network resource allocation based on the adaptive niche immune genetic algorithm

Multi-user cognitive radio network resource allocation based on the adaptive niche immune genetic algorithm is proposed, and a fitness function is provided. Simulations are conducted using the adaptive niche immune genetic algorithm, the simulated annealing algorithm, the quantum genetic algorithm and the simple genetic algorithm, respectively. The results show that the adaptive niche immune genetic algorithm performs better than the other three algorithms in terms of the multi-user cognitive radio network resource allocation, and has quick convergence speed and strong global searching capability, which effectively reduces the system power consumption and bit error rate.     

常规公交线网运力配置双层规划模型

双层规划研究的是两个各具有目标函数的决策者之间按有序的和非合作方式进行的相互作用,上层决策者优先作出决策,下层决策者在上层决策信息下按自己的利益作出反应,由于一方的行为影响另一方的策略选择和目标的实现,并且任何一方又不能完全控制另一方的选择行为,因此上层决策者要根据下层的反应做出符合自身利益的最终决策。而公交车辆配置正符合双层规划模型的思想,所以本论文采用双层规划模型来描述车辆配置与客流量之间的相互作用,从而优化公交线网的车辆配置。     

Four-dimensional scheduling for uplink dynamic bandwidth allocation in OFDM-PON

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing passive optical network (OFDM-PON) has been considered a promising access solution to meet the variable bandwidth demand. In this paper, a novel scheduling for dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) at medium access control (MAC) layer is proposed for uplink transmission of OFDM-PON. In order to utilize the bandwidth efficiently, scheduling in four dimensions is adopted in the proposed DBA algorithm. Four dimensions stand for frequency domains, time domains, modulation formats and power allocations. The algorithm is quite flexible. Simulation results and analysis show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently utilize the OFDM bandwidth and make the system highly energy-efficient.     

基于生命期模型的无线传感器网络信道分配博弈算法

针对无线传感器网络中节点因干扰过大导致重传能耗增加, 进而节点过早失效、网络生命期缩短的问题, 根据网络拓扑信息和路由信息设计节点的负载模型, 从而构建了节点的生命期模型. 然后利用博弈论将路径增益、交叉干扰和节点生命期等性能参数融入到效益函数中, 构建信道分配博弈模型. 理论分析证明该博弈模型存在纳什均衡. 进而运用最佳回应策略, 在所构建的信道分配博弈模型的基础上, 设计了一种优化网络生命期的抗干扰信道分配算法. 该算法使节点在选择信道时避免与网络中交叉干扰较大的节点和生命期较小的节点使用相同信道, 实现干扰小、能耗低且均衡的信道选择. 理论分析与仿真结果证明该算法最终能够快速地收敛到纳什均衡, 且具有较小的信息复杂度, 从而减小算法本身的通信能耗. 同时, 该算法具有良好的抗干扰性和信道均衡性, 能够有效地延长网络生命期.     

热电联产中热、电分摊比的合理确定

符号表D蒸汽量HF燃料热值W电量下角标h供热比拥m煤耗。分摊比e环境，电n乏汽h比烙q比热量f给水0新汽在热电联产的成本分摊中，如何确定热、电分摊比，一直是一个很有争议的问题［‘－‘］。采用不同分摊方法，其热、电所得的经济效益相差甚大。因此，它直接关系到热力价格的合理制定，影响着供热企业的经济效益和热用户的利益，对热电联产事业的发展有着重要影响。本文在分析现有各种分摊方法的基础上，提出一个新的更为合理的分摊方法。1现有的分摊方法及其缺陷和应用范围1．1热量法将总热耗量按热、电两种能量数量的比例来分配［‘－‘…