Comparative study of ultrasonic pretreatment and ultrasound assisted three phase partitioning for extraction of custard apple seed oil

Custard apple seed oil is a marketable product extracted from custard apple seed which is a potential agriculture waste. The present work aims to elucidate simultaneous extraction of the custard apple seed oil and proteins using three phase partitioning (TPP). The efficient oil extraction was executed by optimization of parameters including time, slurry ratio, salt concentration, and slurry to t-butanol ratio. Additionally, the application of ultrasound as process intensification tool for TPP was studied that reduces the time of conventional TPP and increases the yield by 2.53%. The work also comprises a comparative study of two modes of ultrasound application, namely ultrasound pre-treatment and simultaneous ultrasound assisted TPP. This work proves ultrasonic pre-treatment followed by TPP as a superior mode of ultrasound application that attributes 33.6 ± 0.56% (w/w) oil extraction with optimized pre-treatment time of 150 s, 30 W ultrasound power and 75% duty cycle. Extraction kinetics studied for conventional, Ultrasound assisted Three Phase Partitioning (UTPP), and Ultrasound Pre-treatment assisted Three Phase Partitioning (UPTPP) were observed to fit Peleg’s model.     

Amyloid β fibrils disruption by kolaviron: Molecular docking and extended molecular dynamics simulation studies

Garcinia kola (GK) produces notable effects against neurodegenerative conditions, including experimentally-induced Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These remarkable effects are basically attributable to kolaviron (KV), a bioflavonoid constituent of this seed. Specifically, it has been reported that in AD models, KV produces interesting neuroprotective effects, being able to diminish associated neurotoxicity, via modulation of antioxidative, inflammatory and other disease modifying processes. Intriguingly, the effect of KV on amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation and disruption of preformed Aβ fibrils have not been studied. In this study, we have described a thorough computational study on the mechanism of action of KV as an Aβ fibrils disruptor at molecular level. We used comprehensive in silico docking evaluations and extended molecular dynamics simulation to mimic KV/Aβ fibrils system. Results indicate that KV was able to move within the Aβ fibrils, binding with important residues and components in the Aβ peptide identified to be vital for stabilizing preformed fibrils. KV destabilized the assembled Aβ fibrils, indicating the ability KV as a potential anti-amyloidogenic agent. Furthermore, this work highlighted the possibility of identifying new multifunctional phytocompounds as potent AD drugs.     

Level sets of scalar Weyl invariants and cohomogeneity

We prove that the cohomogeneity of a Riemannian manifold coincides locally with the codimension of the foliation by regular level sets of the scalar Weyl invariants.

     

THE FREQUENCY OF SELECTION AND RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT MENTAL CALCULATION METHODS: SOME EVIDENCE FROM THE 1987 APU SURVEYS

Some results of a reanalysis of the 1987 Assessment of Performance Unit (APU) survey data on methods used by 11-year-olds to obtain answers to mental arithmetic questions are described in this paper. The methods used by the children would almost certainly have been untaught at that time. The categories used in this analysis have been derived from the work of Beishuizen in the Netherlands and in England. The two main mental methods noted are splitting numbers into separate column values and operating on one of the unsplit or complete numbers in the required calculation. A substantial proportion of 11-year-olds who used complete number methods matched the overall performance of 15-year-olds who answered the same questions in the 1987 APU survey of that age group.     

一类新的四相最优序列集

对于一类正整数J, 利用两值自相关序列和四相最优序列, 构造了一类新的具有参数(2^2J-1,2^J+1,2^J+1)$的四相序列集. 新构造的序列集达到了Welch下界, 适用于CDMA通信系统.     

冷却曲线的数据拟合及回归方程之选择

对冷却速率的测量数据进行拟合。结果表明与手工作图法相比其精度至少可提高一个数量级。对根据测量数据如何选择适合的拟合回归方程也作了讨论。     

关于非本原商高数的Je?manowicz的一点注记

设n是正整数,(a,b,c)是本原商高数.1956年,L.Jesmanowicz曾经预测:方程(ab)^x+(bn)^y=(cn)^z仅有正整数解(a,b,c)=(2,2,2),这是一个迄今远未解决的数论问题.对于正整数t,设P(t)是t的不同素因数的乘积.运用Baker方法证明了;当n>1,(a,b,c)=(f²-4,4f,f²+4),其中f是适合f>348的奇数时,如果P(n)■a,则Jesmanowicz猜想成立.