Three-Way Decision Models Based on Ideal Relations in Multi-Attribute Decision-Making

In recent years, research on applications of three-way decision (e.g., TWD) has attracted the attention of many scholars. In this paper, we combine TWD with multi-attribute decision-making (MADM). First, we utilize the essential idea of TOPSIS in MADM theory to propose a pair of new ideal relation models based on TWD, namely, the three-way ideal superiority model and the three-way ideal inferiority model. Second, in order to reduce errors caused by the subjectivity of decision-makers, we develop two new methods to calculate the state sets for the two proposed ideal relation models. Third, we employ aggregate relative loss functions to calculate the thresholds of each object, divide all objects into three different territories and sort all objects. Then, we use a concrete example of building appearance selection to verify the rationality and feasibility of our proposed models. Furthermore, we apply comparative analysis, Spearman’s rank correlation analysis and experiment analysis to illustrate the consistency and superiority of our methods.     

A New Entropy Function to Analyze Isentropic Processes of Ideal Gases with Variable Specific Heats

A new entropy function s⁺ is defined in terms of the existing entropy function s° and temperature as s⁺ = s° − R lnT to facilitate the analysis of isentropic processes of ideal gases with variable specific heats. The function s⁺ also makes it possible to calculate the entropy changes of ideal gases during processes when volume information is available instead of pressure information and the variation of specific heats with temperature is to be accounted for. The introduction of the function s⁺ eliminates the need to use the dimensionless isentropic functions relative pressure P_r and relative specific volume v_r of ideal gases and to tabulate their values. The P_r and v_r data are often confused with pressure and specific volume, with an adverse effect on the study of the second law of thermodynamics. The new s⁺ function nicely complements the existing s° function in entropy change calculations: the former is conveniently used when volume information is given while the latter is used when pressure information is available. Therefore, the introduction of the new entropy function s⁺ is expected to make a significant contribution to the thermodynamics education and research by streamlining entropy analysis of ideal gases.     

[2+2]-Photocycloaddition von Cyclohexen an 2-Acetyl-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexandion und 3-Acetyl-1,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-pyrrolidindion

Summary Irradiation of solutions of excess cyclohexene and 2-acetyl-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione (1), and 3-acetyl-1,5,5-trimethyl-2,4-pyrrolidinedione (4) results mainly in the formation of 1,5-diones2 and5. These originate from intermediate cycloadducts of cyclohexene and theexo-enols of the cyclic 1,3-diketones. The yields decrease with increasing polarity of the solvent. In solution2 and5 are in equilibrium with the cyclic hemiacetales3 and6.

     

时滞差分方程的吸引性

本文给出了时滞差分方程x_n+1=x_nf(x_n,x_n-1),n=0,1,…解的全局吸引性的一个新的充分条件;作为应用,部分解决了G.Ladas的一个猜想.     

解析函数的加权代数中的闭理想问题

该文讨论了单位圆盘上解析函数的加权代数犃犘中的闭理想问题,并且利用加权系给出了一个闭理想成为犃犘中的补子空间的判断准则     

分支问题开折的强（r|s）稳定性与弱（r|s）稳定性

该文讨论了分支问题开折的强（r,s）稳定性及弱（r,s）稳定性,并给出了（r,s）无穷小稳定性、强（r,s）稳定性及弱（r,s）稳定性的等价性．     

Phosphoramidite building blocks for efficient incorporation of 2′-O-aminoethoxy(and propoxy)methyl nucleosides into oligonucleotides

A simple and efficient method for the preparation of eight phosphoramidite building blocks for incorporation of 2′-O-(2-aminoethoxymethyl)ribonucleosides and 2′-O-(3-aminopropoxymethyl)ribonucleosides into synthetic oligonucleotides has been developed. The synthetic routes are maximally convergent and provide sufficient amounts of phosphoramidites for several solid-phase synthesis coupling reactions. Using acyclic derivatives 17a,b the overall yields of phosphoramidites 2 and 3 were increased up to 50% for pyrimidine nucleosides and up to 30% for purine derivatives with substantial decrease of total reaction steps. The 2′-O-substituent was found to be stable during oligonucleotide synthesis. The resulting oligonucleotides are of particular interest for post-synthetic functionalization and conjugation.     

Chemical and electrochemical procedures for the synthesis of diisopropyltetrahydroquinoxalinedione derivatives

Diisopropyltetrahydroquinoxalinedione derivatives are synthesized from the reaction of various catechols with N,N′-diisopropylethylenediamine. Both chemical and electrochemical methods give the same products. While the chemical synthesis is faster, the electrochemical synthesis provides higher yields.     

Improved determination of milk oligosaccharides using a single derivatization with anthranilic acid and separation by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

An improved analytical scheme for human milk neutral oligosaccharides determination was developed, in which, the oligosaccharides were pooled in two fractions (pools 1 and 2) after gel filtration, and then were quantitatively derivatized with a single fluorescent reagent, 2-anthranilic acid. Separation was by reversed-phase HPLC on an ODS-100Z column with a mobile phase of 50 mM ammonium acetate pH 4.0 and 150 mM citrate buffer pH 4.5 and monitored by a fluorescence detector at 360 nm excitation and 425 nm emission wavelengths. The method improved on the separation of neutral tetra- and hexa-saccharide isomers, namely, lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT) as well as of lacto-N-difucohexaose I (LNDFH I) and lacto-N-difucohexaose II (LNDFH II). The separation of trisacccharide isomers, 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) and 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) was also successful. Limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 1–10 ng/l and 2–30 ng/l, respectively. The methods’ accuracy was good with its precision at <20% RSD and <1% RSD, respectively, for oligosaccharide concentration and retention time. The recoveries were in the range of 80–100%. This method was successfully applied to the separation and determination of representative neutral oligosaccharide contents in Samoa women milk.     

Reactivity of triazolyl Schiff bases with Ru(II)-2,2′-bipyridyl: Synthesis,spectroscopic characterization of isomers and their photo-physical properties

The condensation of 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole with benzaldehyde and terephthalaldehyde provides the bidentate and tetradentate Schiff bases 1,2,4-triazolo-3-imino-benzene L¹H and 1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazolo-3-imino)benzene L²H₂, respectively. The well characterized Schiff bases were allowed to react with cis-Ru(bpy)₂Cl₂ · 2H₂O. Isomers of the mononuclear complexes Ru(bpy)₂L¹]PF₆ · NH₄PF₆ (1a, N4) and [Ru(bpy)₂L¹]PF₆ · 0.5NH₄PF₆ (1b, N2), and the dinuclear Ru(II) complexes [Ru(bpy)₂L²Ru(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂ · NH₄PF₆ (2a, N4N4), [Ru(bpy)₂L²Ru(bpy)₂](PF₆)₂ · NH₄PF₆ · 2H₂O (2b, N2N2) and [Ru(bpy)₂L²Ru(bpy)₂](PF₆)₃ · NH₄PF₆ (2c, Ru(II)-Ru(III)) were separated by column chromatography and characterized by their elemental analysis, FAB mass and spectral (IR, NMR, UV–Vis) data. The data obtained suggest that the ligands are bound to the metal centre via the N4 and N2 atoms of the triazole moiety along with the N (imine) atom. The complexes display metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) transitions in the visible region from the dπ(Ru^II) → π^∗L transition. Highly intense ligand-based π→π^∗ transitions are observed in the UV region. A dual emission occurs from the N2 and N2N2 isomers.