二维TiC层表面H2的化学吸附与物理吸附

第一性原理计算研究发现由于二维TiC单原子层具有高的比表面积与大量的暴露在表面的Ti原子,其是一种非常有潜力的储氢材料.计算结果显示H2可以在二维TiC单原子层表面进行物理吸附与化学吸附.其中化学吸附能为每个氢分子0.36 eV,物理吸附能是每个氢分子0.09 eV.覆盖度为1和1/4层(ML)时,H2分子在二维TiC单原子层表面的离解势垒分别为1.12和0.33 eV.因此,除了物理吸附与化学吸附,TiC表面还存在H单原子吸附.最大的H2储存率可以达到7.69％(质量分数).其中,离解的H原子、化学吸附的H2、物理吸附的H2的储存率分别为1.54％、3.07％、3.07％.符合Kubas吸附特征的储存率为3.07％.化学吸附能随覆盖度的变化非常小,这有利于H2分子的吸附与释放.     

预嵌锂硬碳和软碳用于锂离子电容器负极的比较研究

锂离子电容器是一种应用前景广阔的电化学储能器件. 目前,活性炭作为锂离子电容器正极被广泛使用. 然而,锂离子电容器负极却有多种不同选择,如硬碳和软碳等碳材料. 本文使用两种具有不同结构和电化学特性的硬碳和软碳材料作为锂离子电容器负极,进行了对比研究. 研究表明,软碳相比于硬碳有更好的电子导电性和更高的可逆容量. 通过在电流范围0.1 ~ 12 A·g^-1下进行充放电测试,分别研究了两种碳基电极在不同涂覆厚度下的倍率性能. 结果显示,硬碳电极在大电流下有更好的倍率特性. 然后,以活性炭为正极,预嵌锂的硬碳和软碳为负极,锂片为锂源和参比电极,分别组装了三电极软包锂离子电容器. 根据三电极充放电测试,分别研究了不同预嵌锂量的硬碳和软碳所组装的锂离子电容器的电化学性能. 结果表明,合适的负极预嵌锂容量可以提升锂电容的能量密度、功率密度和循环稳定性. 最后,大容量硬碳和软碳基软包锂离子电容器被分别组装,软碳基锂电容实现了最高的能量密度21.2 Wh·kg^-1（基于整个器件质量）,硬碳基锂电容实现最高的功率密度5.1 kW·kg^-1.     

解变分不等式的一种二次投影算法

该文研究一种新的解变分不等式的二次投影算法.通过构造一类新的严格分离当前迭代和变分不等式解集的超平面,进而建立了解决伪单调变分不等式投影算法的一种新的框架.通过改进已有结果的证明方法,证明了该算法生成的无穷序列是全局收敛的,并且在局部误差和Lipschitz条件下给出了收敛率分析.     

带有凹凸非线性项的Klein-Gordon-Maxwell系统解的存在性和多重性

研究一类Klein-Gordon-Maxwell系统解的存在性和多重性.当非线性项是凹凸非线性项时,利用变分方法获得了系统解的存在性和多重性结果,并完善了此系统解的存在性的已有结果.     

钪与氧空位共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2的形成能与电子结构的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理研究了钪(Sc)、氧空位(O_V)单/共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO₂,对晶体结构、形成能以及电子结构进行了对比分析.研究结果表明,Sc-TiO₂在富氧环境下缺陷形成能为负值,富钛环境下缺陷形成能为正值,表明Sc-TiO₂只能在富氧环境下制备;O_V-TiO₂、Sc-O_V-TiO₂在富氧或富钛环境下缺陷形成能均为负值,但富氧环境下形成能更低;O_V-TiO₂的0/1-缺陷电荷转变能级为深能级,而Sc-TiO₂的0/1-缺陷电荷转变能级则属于相对较浅能级;与纯锐钛矿相TiO₂相比,Sc-TiO₂的禁带宽度略有减小,但O_V-TiO₂、Sc-O_V-TiO₂禁带宽度变宽.     

化工原理问题导向式线上教学的探索与实践*

以化学制药专科专业化工原理课程为例,阐述问题导向式线上教学的课程设计思路及框架,探索由被动教到主动学的线上教学途径。通过对“流体流动与输送单元”的教学设计,从课前、课中和课后论述了以“问题”为中心的线上教学过程和实施情况,并说明了线上授课的教学效果。     

Asymptotic analysis of microscopic impenetrability constraints for atomistic systems

We analyze systems of atomistic interactions on a triangular lattice allowing for fracture under a geometric condition on the triangles corresponding to a microscopic impenetrability constraint. Such systems can be thought as a computational simulation of materials undergoing brittle fracture. We show that in the small-deformation regime such approximation can be validated analytically in the framework of variational models of fracture. Conversely, in a finite-deformation regime various pathologies show that the continuum approximation of such a system differs from the usual variational representations of fracture and either needs new types of formulations on the continuum, or a proper interpretation of the atomistic constraints limiting their range and adapting them to a dynamical framework.     

Variational Analysis of Toda Systems

The author surveys some recent progress on the Toda system on a two-dimensional surface Σ,arising in models from self-dual non-abelian Chern-Simons vortices,as well as in differential geometry.In particular,its variational structure is analysed,and the role of the topological join of the barycentric sets of Σ is shown.     

First-principle study on the effect of high Li-2N co-doping on the conductivity of ZnO

Based on the density functional theory (DFT), using first-principles plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential method, the models of the unit cell of pure ZnO and two highly Li-2N co-doped supercells of Zn_0.9375Li_0.0625O_0.875N_0.125 and Zn_0.9167Li_0.0833O_0.8333N_0.1667 were constructed, and the geometry optimization for the three models was carried out. The total density of states (TDOS) and the band structures (BS) were also calculated. The calculation results showed that in the range of high doping concentration, when the co-doping concentration is more than a certain value, the conductivity decreased with the increase of co-doping concentration of Li-2N in ZnO, which agrees with the change trend of the experimental results.     

Two solutions for a singular elliptic equation with critical growth at infinity

We look for positive solutions for the singular equation $-\Delta u-\frac{1}{2}\left(x\cdot \nabla u\right)=\mu h\left(x\right)u^{q-1}+\lambda u+u^{(N+2)/(N-2)},\text{in }{\mathbb{R}}^N,$ where $N\ge 3$, $\lambda >0$, $\mu >0$ is a parameter, $0<q<1$ and $h$ has some summability properties. By using a perturbation method and critical point theory, we obtain two solutions when $max\{1,N/4\}<\lambda <N/2$ and the parameter $\mu >0$ is small.