Ultra-high energy cosmic rays threshold in Randers-Finsler space

Kinematics in Finsler space is used to study the propagation of ultra high energy cosmic rays particles through the cosmic microwave background radiation. We find that the GZK threshold is lifted dramatically in Randers-Finsler space. A tiny deformation of spacetime from Minkowskian to Finslerian allows more ultra-high energy cosmic rays particles to arrive at the earth. It is suggested that the lower bound of particle mass is related with the negative second invariant speed in Randers-Finsler space.     

Long-distance quantum teleportation assisted with free-space entanglement distribution

Faithful long-distance quantum teleportation necessitates prior entanglement distribution between two communicated locations. The particle carrying on the unknown quantum information is then combined with one particle of the entangled states for Bell-state measurements, which leads to a transfer of the original quantum information onto the other particle of the entangled states. However in most of the implemented teleportation experiments nowadays, the Bell-state measurements are performed even before successful distribution of entanglement. This leads to an instant collapse of the quantum state for the transmitted particle, which is actually a single-particle transmission thereafter. Thus the true distance for quantum teleportation is, in fact, only in a level of meters. In the present experiment we design a novel scheme which has overcome this limit by utilizing fiber as quantum memory. A complete quantum teleportation is achieved upon successful entanglement distribution over 967 meters in public free space. Active feed-forward control techniques are developed for real-time transfer of quantum information. The overall experimental fidelities for teleported states are better than 89.6%, which signify high-quality teleportation.     

Subgroups of index 4 of the 2-dimensional space groups

There are 281 subgroups of index 4 for the 17 types of 2-dimension space groups: p1:7, p2:31, pm:19, pg:7, cm:11, p2mm:67, p2mg:23, p2gg:11, c2mm:31, p4:11, p4mm:31, p4gm:11, p3:4, p3m1:4, p31m:4, p6:4, p6mm:5. Every subgroup has been identified by its conventional cell disposition with respect to the conventional cell of the starting group. These subgroups may be arranged in 96 automorphism classes and 184 conjugation classes according to their starting groups.     

Alternative difference analysis scheme combining R‐space EXAFS fit with global optimization XANES fit for X‐ray transient absorption spectroscopy

Time‐resolved X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (TR‐XAS), based on the laser‐pump/X‐ray‐probe method, is powerful in capturing the change of the geometrical and electronic structure of the absorbing atom upon excitation. TR‐XAS data analysis is generally performed on the laser‐on minus laser‐off difference spectrum. Here, a new analysis scheme is presented for the TR‐XAS difference fitting in both the extended X‐ray absorption fine‐structure (EXAFS) and the X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) regions. R‐space EXAFS difference fitting could quickly provide the main quantitative structure change of the first shell. The XANES fitting part introduces a global non‐derivative optimization algorithm and optimizes the local structure change in a flexible way where both the core XAS calculation package and the search method in the fitting shell are changeable. The scheme was applied to the TR‐XAS difference analysis of Fe(phen)₃ spin crossover complex and yielded reliable distance change and excitation population.     

Fractional motions

Brownian motion is the archetypal model for random transport processes in science and engineering. Brownian motion displays neither wild fluctuations (the “Noah effect”), nor long-range correlations (the “Joseph effect”). The quintessential model for processes displaying the Noah effect is Lévy motion, the quintessential model for processes displaying the Joseph effect is fractional Brownian motion, and the prototypical model for processes displaying both the Noah and Joseph effects is fractional Lévy motion. In this paper we review these four random-motion models–henceforth termed “fractional motions” –via a unified physical setting that is based on Langevin’s equation, the Einstein–Smoluchowski paradigm, and stochastic scaling limits. The unified setting explains the universal macroscopic emergence of fractional motions, and predicts–according to microscopic-level details–which of the four fractional motions will emerge on the macroscopic level. The statistical properties of fractional motions are classified and parametrized by two exponents—a “Noah exponent” governing their fluctuations, and a “Joseph exponent” governing their dispersions and correlations. This self-contained review provides a concise and cohesive introduction to fractional motions.     

Sparsity-constrained SENSE reconstruction: An efficient implementation using a fast composite splitting algorithm

Parallel imaging and compressed sensing have been arguably the most successful and widely used techniques for fast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Recent studies have shown that the combination of these two techniques is useful for solving the inverse problem of recovering the image from highly under-sampled k-space data. In sparsity-enforced sensitivity encoding (SENSE) reconstruction, the optimization problem involves data fidelity (L2-norm) constraint and a number of L1-norm regularization terms (i.e. total variation or TV, and L1 norm). This makes the optimization problem difficult to solve due to the non-smooth nature of the regularization terms. In this paper, to effectively solve the sparsity-regularized SENSE reconstruction, we utilize a new optimization method, called fast composite splitting algorithm (FCSA), which was developed for compressed sensing MRI. By using a combination of variable splitting and operator splitting techniques, the FCSA algorithm decouples the large optimization problem into TV and L1 sub-problems, which are then, solved efficiently using existing fast methods. The operator splitting separates the smooth terms from the non-smooth terms, so that both terms are treated in an efficient manner. The final solution to the SENSE reconstruction is obtained by weighted solutions to the sub-problems through an iterative optimization procedure. The FCSA-based parallel MRI technique is tested on MR brain image reconstructions at various acceleration rates and with different sampling trajectories. The results indicate that, for sparsity-regularized SENSE reconstruction, the FCSA-based method is capable of achieving significant improvements in reconstruction accuracy when compared with the state-of-the-art reconstruction method.     

近代高分辨地球成像商业卫星

综述了美国DigitalGlobe公司的QuickBird,WorldView-1,WorldView-2卫星和GeoEye公司的IKONOS,GeoEye-1,GeoEye-2等卫星的发展概况。分析评论了这些不同发射时间和使用年代的近代高分辨地球成像商业卫星及其空间相机的主要技术指标和特点,指出了研制小型、灵巧性卫星是近代高分辨地球成像商业卫星的发展趋势,其中需要解决的核心技术主要包括卫星的精密姿态控制、小像元尺寸和高积分级数TDICCD的研制,小相对孔径光学系统的设计以及用于图像增强的数字图像处理技术等。     

蒸汽喷射器变工况性能的CFD探讨

利用二维轴对称,真实气体模型对喷射式制冷空调系统的喷射器进行CFD计算。真实气体模型占用较多的计算机资源,但它的计算结果更加真实。计算的目的在于得到在变工况条件下喷射器性能的变化和制冷系统性能的变化情况。在计算范围中,存在一最优的发生压力Pg*(3.973568bar),使得此时的喷射系数和系统COP最大。当Pg>Pg*时,喷射系数和COP随着发生压力的增加而减少;当Pg相似文献