Preparation of two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide for NO2 detection at room temperature

In this work, the two-dimensional MoS₂ film was prepared by sulfuring the molybdenum atomic layer on SiO₂/Si substrate. The reaction temperature, heating rate, holding time and carrier gas flow rate were investigated comprehensively. The quality of MoS₂ film was characterized by optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The characterization results showed that the optimum synthesis parameters were heating rate of 25 °C/min, reaction temperature of 750 °C, holding time of 30 min and carrier gas velocity of 100 sccm. The MoS₂ gas sensor was fabricated and its gas sensing performance was tested. The test results indicated that the sensor had a good response to both reducing gas (NH₃) and oxidizing gas (NO₂) at room temperature. The sensitivity to 100 ppm of NO₂ was 31.3%, and the response/recovery times were 4 s and 5 s, respectively. In addition, the limit of detection could be as low as 1 ppm. This work helps us to develop low power and integrable room temperature NO₂ sensors.     

温度对低共熔溶剂影响的二维拉曼光谱研究

低共熔溶剂（DES）作为一种新式的绿色溶剂，在多种化学过程中表现出色，因此在诸多热门范畴都展现出良好的发展潜力。对DES的光谱分析通常局限在一维光谱技术上，但其分辨率低、谱峰重叠严重等缺点，导致光谱数据存在误差。运用二维拉曼光谱（2D Raman），能够明显提高光谱分辨率，并发现重叠峰位置，获得在外扰条件下不同谱峰的变化顺序及其相互作用等重要信息，以实现对复杂体系的精确分析。以氯化胆碱（ChCl）和ZnCl₂合成的DES为例，利用显微共焦激光拉曼光谱仪分别对ChCl和DES进行拉曼实验，发现与ChCl相比，DES中各处峰的整体强度显著下降，原有的谱峰未消失，说明Zn2+的加入没有破坏ChCl的骨架结构。287 cm-1处出现一个新的特征峰，推测有Zn-Cl配位键的伸缩振动。对DES进行升温拉曼实验，发现随着温度的升高，NC₄的不对称伸缩振动峰强度逐渐减小，峰宽变大，峰形变缓，Zn-Cl配位键伸缩振动峰强度逐渐降低，峰位置基本不变，峰形有明显重叠。运用2D Raman技术对溶液内NC₄和Zn-Cl特征峰的变化进行研究，结果表明，随着温度的升高，溶液中发生ChCl向Ch+的解离过程，Zn2+与Cl-形成了多种配合物，ZnCl-₃，Zn₂Cl-₅，Zn₃Cl-₇之间存在相互转化。不同位置的特征峰随温度的变化顺序不同，将特征峰与团簇进行一一归属，得出了各个团簇对温度的敏感程度。基于量子化学中的密度泛函理论，对推测的物质结构进行构型优化和参数计算，证实了其存在的可能性，同时也验证了2D Raman的分析结果准确可行。这些结果将为DES的后续研究提供理论参考，拓展了二维光谱技术的应用范围。     

Existence of strong minimizers for the Griffith static fracture model in dimension two

We consider the Griffith fracture model in two spatial dimensions, and prove existence of strong minimizers, with closed jump set and continuously differentiable deformation fields. One key ingredient, which is the object of the present paper, is a generalization to the vectorial situation of the decay estimate by De Giorgi, Carriero, and Leaci. This is based on replacing the coarea formula by a method to approximate $SB{D}^p$ functions with small jump set by Sobolev functions, and is restricted to two dimensions. The other two ingredients will appear in companion papers and consist respectively in regularity results for vectorial elliptic problems of the elasticity type and in a method to approximate in energy $GSB{D}^p$ functions by $SB{V}^p$ ones.     

On local strong solutions to the Cauchy problem of the two-dimensional full compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations with vacuum and zero heat conduction

This paper concerns the Cauchy problem of the two-dimensional full compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations with zero heat-conduction and vacuum as far field density. In particular, the initial density can have compact support. We prove that the Cauchy problem admits a local strong solution provided both the initial density and the initial magnetic field decay not too slow at infinity.     

Une extension d'une inégalité de burkholder,davis, gundy pour les processus à α-variation bornée et applications

An increasing process associated in a natural sense with each process of bounded x-variation leads us to an extension of an inequality of Burkholder, Davis, Gundy and allows us to determine the regularity of such processes     

Nonlinear optical rectification in a two-dimensional system

The optical rectification (OR) in the two-dimensional electron–hole system is investigated theoretically. An analytical expression formula of the OR coefficient is obtained via the framework of compact density matrix approach and the iterative method. The results show that the OR coefficient depends strongly on the system׳s size and the relaxation time. A more obvious OR coefficient should be found by adjusting an appropriate choice of the system parameters.     

Quantitative fingerprinting by headspace—Two-dimensional comprehensive gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of solid matrices: Some challenging aspects of the exhaustive assessment of food volatiles

The study proposes an investigation strategy that simultaneously provides detailed profiling and quantitative fingerprinting of food volatiles, through a “comprehensive” analytical platform that includes sample preparation by Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction (HS-SPME), separation by two-dimensional comprehensive gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detection (GC × GC–MS) and data processing using advanced fingerprinting approaches.     

基于变结构理论的中制导律设计方法研究

对于采用复合制导的空地导弹,中末制导交接班问题是影响命中概率的关键因素。针对这一问题,采用变结构理论设计中制导律。首先建立滑模面,保证滑模面上速度矢量与视线重合,且零化视线角速率,然后设计到达函数,使到达条件得到满足,可以保证交班时刻导弹可靠捕获目标,并为末制导提供最优初始条件。建立了导弹六自由度数学模型和目标捕获模型,进行全系统数字仿真,实验结果表明：在中末制导交接时刻,弹目视线与导弹速度矢量基本重合,误差为0.12°,视线角速度为-0.02°/s,在±20°视场下满足捕获需求,并且为末制导提供最优初始条件。该方法可以满足中末制导交接班要求,具有较强鲁棒性,且中制导段弹道平滑,需用过载小。     

Nonlocal diffusion,a Mittag-Leffler function and a two-dimensional Volterra integral equation

In this paper we consider a particular class of two-dimensional singular Volterra integral equations. Firstly we show that these integral equations can indeed arise in practice by considering a diffusion problem with an output flux which is nonlocal in time; this problem is shown to admit an analytic solution in the form of an integral. More crucially, the problem can be re-characterized as an integral equation of this particular class. This example then provides motivation for a more general study: an analytic solution is obtained for the case when the kernel and the forcing function are both unity. This analytic solution, in the form of a series solution, is a variant of the Mittag-Leffler function. As a consequence it is an entire function. A Gronwall lemma is obtained. This then permits a general existence and uniqueness theorem to be proved.     

A blow‐up criterion to the 2D full compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations

We establish a new regularity criterion for the 2D full compressible magnetohydrodynamic system in a bounded domain. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.