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161.
Jürgen Grotemeyer Edward W. Schlag 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》1988,27(4):447-459
Mass spectrometry is one of the most important analytical tools in chemistry, biology, medicine and related areas. During the past 30 years, methods have been developed, both for the qualitative as well as the quantitative analysis of a wide variety of substances. The introduction of lasers into chemistry has also profited mass spectrometry, since its nonlinear properties and its tunability open up fundamentally new frontiers. Multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry combines UV-spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, thus providing a two-dimensional method that enables substance-specific and even state-specific analyses. This progress report presents the fundamentals and possibilities of MUPI mass spectrometry and discusses investigations on amino acids, peptides, chlorophylls and sugars. For each substance, multiphoton ionization can be tuned in such a way that only the molecular ion is formed. An increase of laser intensity induces substance-specific fragmentations of the molecule, thus contributing to a quick and easy identification of the substance. 相似文献
162.
Pappa A. Kyriakou S. Mikedi K. Tzamtzis N. Statheropoulos M. 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2004,78(2):415-426
The design, the abilities and a characteristic application of an in-house made interface for combining thermogravimetry (TG)
with mass spectrometry (MS) are presented. The TG-MS interface consists mainly of three co-axial tubes. The position of the
intermediate tube was determined after calculation of the temperature profile at the TG furnace exit tube. The inner tube
position was determined taking into consideration its protection against condensation of heavy molecules and the time delay
for the transfer of the evolved gases. This interface allows either continuous sampling and transferring of the evolved gases
from the TG to the MS or repetitive introduction of short sampling pulses of TG evolved gases to MS. The interface is capable
of coupling various commercial instruments. In the present work two configurations of this interface are demonstrated. Finally
an example of application of this interface on forest fuel pyrolysis is presented.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
163.
By density functional methods we characterize the bonding and charge distribution in complexes of benzene with dearomatizing agents tpReCO(L), tpMoNO(L), and tpWNO(L), where tp = hydrido Tris (pyrazolyl)borate), for a range of ligands L. Our LSDA and B3LYP density functional calculations use the Spartan LACVP+ basis and pseudopotential on Re, Mo, and W and 6-31G* on light atoms. The binding energy is strongly dependent on the nature of the ligand L, being greatest for L = ammonia and N-methylimidazole and weakest for CH3NC and CO. We find a correlation between strength of binding and electron transfer from the dearomatizing agents toward benzene. For the most strongly bound systems we find substantial (up to 500 millielectrons) charge transfer towards benzene, while for the most weakly bound systems charge is withdrawn from benzene. Structural details illustrate the ability of Re, Mo, and W species to dearomatize complexed benzene, which is extensive for all but the most weakly bound species with L = MeNC and CO. Re and W dearomatizing agents, which are computed and observed to form stable complexes with benzene, may be economic alternatives to osmium dearomatizing agents. 相似文献
164.
E. V. Boltukhina F. I. Zubkov A. V. Varlamov 《Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds》2006,42(8):971-1001
Data for 1966–2004 on methods for the construction of tetracyclic systems in which an isoindole ring is condensed with quinoline
and isoquinoline fragments on the [1,2] side are reviewed. Methods and conditions for the synthesis of isoindoloquinolines
and isoindoloisoquinolines are examined. Examples of the synthesis of physiologically active natural alkaloids possessing
the structure of these condensed isoindoles are presented.
__________
Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 8, pp. 1123–1157, August, 2006. 相似文献
165.
166.
Th.?Monovasilis Z.?Kalogiratou T.E.?SimosEmail author 《Journal of mathematical chemistry》2005,37(3):263-270
The computation of the energy eigenvalues of the one-dimensional time-independent Schrödinger equation is considered. Exponentially fitted and trigonometrically fitted symplectic integrators are obtained, by modification of the first and second order Yoshida symplectic methods. Numerical results are obtained for the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator and Morse potential.AMS subject classification: 65L15Funding by research project 71239 of Prefecture of Western Macedonia and the E.U. is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
167.
O. F. Shlensky 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1993,40(3):941-947
New modifications of a contact heater are suggested for investigating thermal decomposition processes, as well as for determining
kinetic characteristics of substances under conditions of intense heating to a fixed constant temperature.
Zusammenfassung Zur Untersuchung von thermischen Zersetzungsprozessen und der Bestimmung der Reaktionskinetik von Substanzen bei intensivem Erhitzen auf vorgegebene konstante Temperaturen wird eine neue Abart von Kontakterhitzern beschrieben.相似文献
168.
Convex programs with an additional reverse convex constraint 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
H. Tuy 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》1987,52(3):463-486
A method is presented for solving a class of global optimization problems of the form (P): minimizef(x), subject toxD,g(x)0, whereD is a closed convex subset ofR
n
andf,g are convex finite functionsR
n
. Under suitable stability hypotheses, it is shown that a feasible point
is optimal if and only if 0=max{g(x):xD,f(x)f(
)}. On the basis of this optimality criterion, the problem is reduced to a sequence of subproblemsQ
k
,k=1, 2, ..., each of which consists in maximizing the convex functiong(x) over some polyhedronS
k
. The method is similar to the outer approximation method for maximizing a convex function over a compact convex set. 相似文献
169.
Stéphane Roux 《Journal of statistical physics》1987,48(1-2):201-213
We introduce a family of stochastic processes which are a natural extension of Brownian motion to a tensor form. This allows us to solve a Dirichlet problem of linear elasticity obeying Lamé's equation, [1–(d– 1)]2V(x)+ [·V(x)]=0. 相似文献
170.
用气相流动吸附法制备复合载体,用浸渍法制备WO3/(TiO2-S iO2)催化剂.应用LRS和TPR技术研究WO3在复合载体TIO2-S iO2表面的分散状态,发现TiO2在S iO2表面的分散可增强WO3与载体之间的相互作用,提高WO3在载体表面的分散阈值.另外TPR实验证明,TiO2的存在不仅大大改善WO3的分散状态,而且使WO3在TiO2-S iO2的还原温度升高,WO3与载体之间的作用增强.负载于经TiO2调变的S iO2上的催化剂其HDS、HYD、BHD活性高于负载于单纯S iO2上的催化剂的活性. 相似文献