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121.
122.
We investigate the statistics of polymer capture by a nanopore using Brownian dynamics simulations. It is found that when the velocity flux is greater than a critical velocity flux, the capture picture is a random selection process, otherwise it tends to a statistical process governed by energetic considerations. In addition, the chain ends capture probability decreases as the chain length increases and satisfies a power-law scaling of P0(N)~N-0.8.  相似文献   
123.
Low back pain (LBP) obviously reduces the quality of life but is also the world’s leading cause of years lived with disability. Alterations in motor response and changes in movement patterns are expected in LBP patients when compared to healthy people. Such changes in dynamics may be assessed by the nonlinear analysis of kinematical time series recorded from one patient’s motion. Since sample entropy (SampEn) has emerged as a relevant index measuring the complexity of a given time series, we propose the development of a clinical test based on SampEn of a time series recorded by a wearable inertial measurement unit for repeated bending and returns (b and r) of the trunk. Twenty-three healthy participants were asked to perform, in random order, 50 repetitions of this movement by touching a stool and another 50 repetitions by touching a box on the floor. The angular amplitude of the b and r movement and the sample entropy of the three components of the angular velocity and acceleration were computed. We showed that the repetitive b and r “touch the stool” test could indeed be the basis of a clinical test for the evaluation of low-back-pain patients, with an optimal duration of 70 s, acceptable in daily clinical practice.  相似文献   
124.
制备了具有响应性的仿蛛丝周期纺锤节TiO2纤维。通过改变纤维表面微观结构、紫外光照和超声波等手段,仿蛛丝结构TiO2纤维表面浸润性会发生响应性变化。纤维表面的这种浸润性变化,不仅实现了水滴从纺锤节两端到中心处的定向运动,而且可以使得水滴被纤维纺锤节粘附。当仿蛛丝结构TiO2纤维表面为亲水状态时,无论纺锤节光滑还是粗糙,水都是从纺锤节两端向中心方向运动;当仿蛛丝TiO2纤维表面疏水时,水滴会被具有粗糙表面的纺锤节两端粘附。  相似文献   
125.
本文研究了Si/Si02、Si/Si—H基底与聚苯乙烯(Ps)之间的界面相互作用对Ps薄膜的玻璃化转变及相关力学性能的影响.结果显示,无论何种基底,Ps薄膜的玻璃化转变温度(L)都随其厚度降低而降低.但相同厚度(〈110nm)下,以Si/Si-H为基底时Ps薄膜的瓦比以Si/Si02为基底的PS薄膜高.Si/Si02表面Ps薄膜疋开始下降的临界厚度为110nm,远高于以Si/Si—H为基底时的40nm.对Ps薄膜的膨胀系数和弹性模量进行研究,也得到相似的临界厚度.另外,与Si/Si02基底相比,在Si/Si-H上的Ps薄膜具有更低的膨胀系数以及较高弹性模量.可能原因是Si/Si-H与Ps具有较强的相互作用,限制了该界面分子的运动能力,导致基底/PS界面效应对薄膜分子运动的影响力增强,造成该薄膜瓦的厚度依赖性下降,并呈现出相对较硬的力学特征.  相似文献   
126.
陈立群  程昌钧 《力学季刊》1999,20(3):302-305
本文建立了描述几何非线性均匀梁动力学行为的偏微分--积分方程,梁的材料满足Leademan非线性本构关系,对于两端简支的情形用Galerkin方法进行了截断简化为常微分--积分方程,然后引进附加变量的方法进一步简化为常微分方程组。  相似文献   
127.
The behavior of a terminally anchored freely-jointed bead-rod chain, subjected to solvent shear flow, was investigated via Brownian dynamics simulations. Previous calculations have been improved by computing the segment density and fluid velocity profiles self-consistently. The segment density distributions, components of the radius of gyration, and chain attachment shear and normal stresses were found to be sensitive to low values of shear rate. Additionally, it was found that the thickness of a model polymer layer was a strong function of the shear rate, and that the functional dependence on shear rate changed dramatically as the chain length increased. For the longest chains studied, the thickness of the model polymer layer first increased as the shear rate increased, passed through a maximum, and then decreased at high shear rates, in accordance with experimental results in theta solvents. These results suggest that a dilute or semi-dilute layer model may explain hydrodynamic behavior previously thought to be due to the entanglements that occur in dense surface bound polymer layers.Nomenclature a i acceleration of bead i - b radius of the beads - d length of the rods connecting the chain beads - d i vector from bead i to bead i + 1 - F i external force applied to bead i - F i b external force on bead i due to Brownian motion of surrounding fluid - F i h external force on bead i due to viscous drag - F i s external force on bead i due to surface interactions - f Stokes drag coefficient - Boltzmann's constant - L h effective hydrodynamic thickness - m i mass of bead i - N number of beads on a model chain - n number of chains anchored to the surface per unit surface area - P segment density distribution P pressure - Q flow in a tube with no surface bound polymer layer - Q a flow in a tube with a surface bound polymer layer - R g vector representation of the radius of gyration - R tube radius - r radial coordinate in the tube geometry - S ij pair hydrodynamic interaction tensor for beads i and j - T i internal chain force in rod i connecting beads i and i + 1 - T X component of the surface attachment force in the direction of the fluid flow - T y component of the surface attachment force perpendicular to the surface - T temperature - v i velocity of the center of mass of bead i - V if average fluid velocity at the location of bead i - v if 0 fluid velocity in the absence of a polymer chain - v if perturbation to the fluid velocity due to hydrodynamic interactions - V b bead volume = 4 b 3/3 - scalar fluid speed in the axial direction down the tube - x axial coordinate in the tube geometry Greek symbols w apparent shear rate - fluid viscosity - polymer layer permeability - volume fraction of space occupied by chain beads - (w)a chain attachment stress perpendicular to the surface - (w)a chain attachment stress in the plane of the surface and in the direction of fluid flow  相似文献   
128.
The LB-DF/FD method derived from the Lattice Boltzmann Method and direct forcing/fictitious domain method is used to numerically investigate the dynamics and interaction of two elliptical particles settling in an infinitely long channel. One particle (EP0) is initially kept horizontal (major axis perpendicular to sedimentation) for all simulations while the other's (EP1) orientation is varied. It is found that if EP1strays away from horizontality, the particles undergo transitions from a steady state to reach a chaotic state. Furthermore, there are two distinct chaotic states for the particle motion when EP1 orientation is varied, in which a turning point is observed to distinguish the two states.  相似文献   
129.
研究带有非完整约束的一类多体系统运动规划问题。多体系统中的非完整约束通常是由不可积的速度约束或不可积的守恒律引起。在系统动量和动量矩守恒情况下,动力学方程降阶为非完整形式约束方程,系统的控制问题可转化为无漂移系统的非完整运动规划问题。文中首先导出具有多体开链系统的非完整运动模型。利用最优控制理论和最优化技术,采用输入参数化的方法将连续的最优控制问题转化为离散的最优控制问题,提出一种非完整多体系统运动规划的拟牛顿算法。最后将该方法用于自由漂浮的空间三连杆机构,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。  相似文献   
130.
The present paper is the second and main part of a study of partial differential equations under the influence of noisy perturbations. Existence and uniqueness of function solutions in the mild sense are obtained for a class of deterministic linear and semilinear parabolic boundary initial value problems. If the noise data are random, the results may be seen as a pathwise approach to SPDE's. For typical examples, such as spatially one-dimensional stochastic heat equations with additive or multiplicative perturbations of fractional Brownian type, we recover and extend known results. In addition, we propose to consider partial noises of low order.  相似文献   
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