Excited state intramolecular proton transfer of 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy

1,2-Dihydroxyanthraquinone (alizarin) shows dual emission bands with a large Stokes shift from a “locally-excited (LE)” and “proton-transferred (PT)” tautomers in the excited state. Excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction of alizarin is tunable by changing concentration, solvent polarity, excitation wavelength, and etc. ESIPT reaction of alizarin in the excited state was investigated by steady-state absorption/emission spectroscopy and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. In ethanol solution, the lifetime of PT tautomer of alizarin was measured as 87 ps, in addition to 0.35 and 8.3 ps vibrational cooling dynamics for the LE and PT tautomers of alizarin, respectively. In binary mixtures of ethanol and water, the excited state dynamics became more complicated; the LE and PT tautomers appeared to decay with 8.9 and 30.8 ps lifetimes, which is much shorter compared to the lifetime of the PT tautomer in ethanol. A long-lived nonradiative state in the excited states of alizarin was found as well, which was proposed as a “trapped” state with tightly hydrogen-bonded water molecules. The ESIPT reaction of alizarin was blocked in a 1:1 mixture of ethanol-water due to strong hydrogen bonding between water molecules and alizarin, which was further confirmed by the efficient coupling of alizarin to TiO₂ nanoparticles in the 1:1 binary mixture of ethanol-water.     

p-i-nInP/In_(0.53)Ga_(0.47)As/InP探测器结构优化

利用半导体仿真工具Silvaco对p-i-n InP/In_(0.53)Ga_(0.47)As/InP近红外光探测器进行优化仿真.参考实际器件对红外探测器进行建模,并将其暗电流、光谱响应仿真结果与实验结果进行拟合,保证仿真结果的有效性.以减小探测器的暗电流为目的,优化其结构.针对探测器吸收层厚度和吸收层掺杂浓度对暗电流、光响应的影响进行研究,发现当吸收层厚度大于0.3μm后,暗电流不再上升,但光响应随着吸收层厚度的增加而增大;当吸收层掺杂浓度不断上升时,器件暗电流不断降低,当掺杂浓度上升到2×1017/cm3时,暗电流达到最低值.本文还研究了p-i-n型探测器的瞬态响应,探究了响应速度与反偏电压之间的关系,发现提高反偏电压能减小探测器响应时间.     

Ultrafast electronic and vibrational dynamics of stabilized A state mutants of the green fluorescent protein (GFP): Snipping the proton wire

Two blue absorbing and emitting mutants (S65G/T203V/E222Q and S65T at pH 5.5) of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) have been investigated through ultrafast time resolved infra-red (TRIR) and fluorescence spectroscopy. In these mutants, in which the excited state proton transfer reaction observed in wild-type GFP has been blocked, the photophysics are dominated by the neutral A state. It was found that the A* excited state lifetime is short, indicating that it is relatively less stabilised in the protein matrix than the anionic form. However, the lifetime of the A state can be increased through modifications to the protein structure. The TRIR spectra show that a large shifts in protein vibrational modes on excitation of the A state occurs in both these GFP mutants. This is ascribed to a change in H-bonding interactions between the protein matrix and the excited state.     

脉冲辐解研究喹啉和异喹啉与瞬态粒子的反应

通过合理控制反应条件, 使体系在电子束脉冲作用后只剩下所需要的一种瞬态粒子, 用脉冲辐解研究了喹啉、异喹啉分别与水合电子、羟基自由基、氢自由基等几种典型的氧化还原瞬态粒子的反应过程, 研究了各种瞬态产物的吸收光谱及其变化规律, 测定了相关反应的速率常数. 喹啉、异喹啉与水合电子的反应速率常数分别为7.1×10⁹和3.4×10⁹ mol^-1·L·s^-1, 与羟基自由基的反应速率常数分别为7.2×10⁹和3.4×10⁹ mol^-1·L·s^-1, 与氢自由基的反应速率常数分别为5.7×10⁹和3.6×10⁹ mol^-1·L·s^-1. 这一结果表明, 喹啉、异喹啉均能够非常迅速地与水合电子、羟基自由基、氢自由基发生反应, 喹啉比异喹啉的反应速率更快. 运用电子理论分析了瞬态反应产物结构的稳定性差异, 结果表明, 喹啉的反应产物比异喹啉的稳定, 从而揭示了喹啉比异喹啉反应速率快的原因.     

Wave propagation and transient response of a functionally graded material plate under a point impact load in thermal environments

In this paper, the wave propagation and transient response of an infinite functionally graded plate under a point impact load in thermal environments are studied. The thermal effects and temperature-dependent material properties are taken into account. The temperature field considered is assumed to be a uniform distribution over the plate surface and varies in the thickness direction only. Material properties are assumed to be temperature-dependent, and graded in the thickness direction according to a simple power law distribution in terms of the volume fractions of the constituents. Considering the effects of transverse shear deformation and rotary inertia, the governing equations of the wave propagation in the functionally graded plate are derived from Hamilton’s principle. The analytic dispersion relation of the functionally graded plate is obtained by means of integral transforms and a complete discussion of dispersion for the functionally graded plate is given. Using the dispersion relation and integral transforms, exact integral solutions of the functionally graded plate under a point impact load in thermal environments are obtained. The influences of the volume fraction distributions and temperature field on the wave propagation and transient response of functionally graded plates are discussed in detail. The results carried out can be used in the ultrasonic inspection techniques and provide a theoretical basis for engineering applications.     

Dynamic magnification factors of SDOF oscillators under harmonic loading

The magnification factor for the steady-state response of a SDOF system under harmonic loading is described in many structural dynamics textbooks; the well-known analytical solution is easily obtained from the solution to the damped equation of motion for harmonic loading. The complete and steady-state solutions can differ significantly. An analytical expression for the maximum response to the complete solution (steady state plus transient) remains elusive; however, a simple analytical expression is identified herein for the undamped case. Differences in the magnification factors obtained for the two solutions are discussed.     

Exact solutions of incompressible Couette flow with porous walls for slightly rarefied gases

In this work, the transient incompressible Couette flow and steady-state temperature profiles between two porous parallel plates for slightly rarefied gases are solved exactly. The first-order approximation of slip velocity at the boundaries is used in the formulation. The solution is also applicable for Couette flow in micro-channels under certain circumstances. The influences of mass transfer and a nondimensional slip parameter on slip velocities are discussed. It is also found that the transient slip velocities at the walls are greatly different from the steady-state velocity slips. The influences of velocity slip and temperature slip parameters on the temperature distribution and heat transfer at the walls are analyzed and discussed. It is shown that the slip parameters can greatly change the temperature profiles and heat transfer characteristics at the walls.