Determination of the Gamow–Teller strength function for the neutron-deficient isotopes In

The Gamow–Teller β decays of the neutron-deficient indium isotopes ^104–107In have been investigated by using total absorption γ-ray spectrometry on mass-separated sources. The experimental Gamow–Teller strength, deduced as a function of the excitation energy in the daughter nuclei ^104–107Cd, is compared to shell-model predictions.     

用双波长可见光谱法快速测定半纤维素提取液中糖的含量

传统的Douglas比色法(间苯三酚-冰醋酸显色法)只能测定水溶性聚戊糖或戊糖,该研究对上述方法进行了改进,通过采用双波长技术实现对总糖和戊糖、己糖含量的同时测定。研究发现,425 nm是戊糖和己糖的等摩尔吸收波长,553 nm是戊糖的特征吸收波长,以上述二波长为基础大大简化了双波长法的计算公式。半纤维素提取液中干扰物质的光谱结果显示,提取液中的木素和葡萄糖醛酸对戊糖和己糖的测定结果都没有显著干扰。结果表明,该方法测定总糖和戊糖、己糖的含量都具有较高的精度和准确性,回收率为97.4%~101.9%。该方法简单、快速,非常适用于阔叶木和禾本科植物半纤维素提取液中混合糖含量的同时测定。     

激光诱导击穿光谱技术对火成岩岩性的高精度识别

在石油勘探领域,细碎岩屑样品的岩性识别,特别是物性接近的火成岩的高精度识别是地质学的难题之一。针对这一问题,提出了一种基于激光诱导击穿光谱技术(LIBS)元素分析和全碱-硅(TAS)图版的新方法。利用自主搭建的LIBS系统,首先通过对比实验,系统的研究了脉冲能量、采集延时、采集方式、预燃对光谱信号的影响,确定了对火成岩样品元素分析的最佳条件：脉冲能量50 mJ,采集延时2 μs,采集同一样品表面20个不同点的光谱积分平均,并通过实验证明了预燃的样品处理方式不适合火成岩样品,有效提高了样品检测光谱数据的重复性。随后确定了火成岩岩性识别常用7种元素(钠镁铝硅钾钙铁)的特征谱线,定性分析和比较了不同岩性的火成岩样品;利用已知元素含量的国标系列岩石样品信息,生成了钠、硅、钾的定标曲线,线性相关系数均大于0.9,并利用国标岩石样品考察了定量分析的准确性;利用定标曲线法定量分析了火成岩样品的元素含量,并采用TAS图版法识别火成岩的岩性,准确率达90.7%。研究表明,LIBS技术能够有效实现火成岩岩性的高精度识别。     

超声全矩阵数据联合稀疏重构的多测量向量模型应用

针对单测量向量模型(Single Measurement Vector,SMV)等传统压缩感知方法处理超声全矩阵数据时,存在重构精度低和重构耗时长等问题,本文研究了多测量向量模型(Multiple Measurement Vectors,MMV)应用的可行性。针对铝合金试块中不同深度的φ2 mm横通孔,分别使用MMV模型中的多测量稀疏贝叶斯(Multiple Sparse Bayesian Learning,MSBL)算法和SMV模型中的稀疏贝叶斯(Sparse Bayesian Learning,SBL)算法进行超声全矩阵数据重构,并实施全聚焦成像。随后,引入归一化均方误差和阵列性能因子评价图像和信号的重构效果。实验结果表明,SBL算法在25%采样率时的归一化均方误差为1.9%,而MSBL算法仅需15%采样率即可达到相似效果且耗时更少。     

Asymmetric formal total synthesis of the stemofoline alkaloids: the evolution,development, and application of a catalytic dipolar cycloaddition cascade

A formal synthesis of didehydrostemofoline and isodidehydrostemofoline has been accomplished by preparing an intermediate in the Overman synthesis of these alkaloids from commercially available 2-deoxy-d-ribose. The work presented in this account chronicles the evolution of our explorations to identify the optimal steric and electronic control elements necessary to generate the tricyclic core structure of these alkaloids in a single operation from an acyclic precursor. The key step in the synthesis is a novel dipolar cycloaddition cascade sequence that is initiated by cyclization of a rhodium-derived carbene onto the nitrogen atom of a proximal imine group to generate an azomethine ylide that then undergoes spontaneous cyclization via dipolar cycloaddition. The synthesis features several other interesting reactions, including a Boord elimination to prepare a chiral allylic alcohol, a highly diastereoselective Hirama–Itô cyclization, and a useful modification of the Barton decarboxylation protocol.     

Synthetic studies directed toward the AB decalin common to HMP-Y1 and hibarimicinone

Efforts toward the synthesis of the decalin ring system common to the hibarimicin shunt metabolite HMP-Y1 and parent aglycone hibarimicinone are reported herein. An intramolecular Diels–Alder cyclization rapidly generated the decalin framework. Two approaches toward completion of the AB decalin were vetted. Incorporation of a phenylsulfonyl leaving group β- to both a ketone and a γ-lactone followed by base-induced elimination of sulfinate led to the undesired α,β-unsaturated lactone. Methanolysis of the γ-lactone followed by elimination produced the unexpected bridged cyclic ether by way of an intramolecular oxy-Michael addition of the endo oriented C13 alcohol.     

Total synthesis of lansiumamides A and B and alatamide

The total syntheses of lansiumamide A, lansiumamide B and alatamide have been completed taking advantage of the dihalo-olefination of N-formylimides. The syntheses are convergent, flexible and allow for the generation of analogues not accessible through other routes.     

正则条件全竞赛空间与混合策略竞赛空间上的两个极值定理

在正则的全竞赛空间与混合策略竞赛空间推广并证明了两个新的最优决策存在定理．     

Guaranteeing total balance in Metropolis algorithm Monte Carlo simulations

The condition of detailed balance has long been used as a proxy for the more difficult-to-prove condition of total balance, which along with ergodicity is required to guarantee convergence of a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation to the correct probability distribution. However, some simple-to-program update schemes such as the sequential and checkerboard Metropolis algorithms are known not to satisfy detailed balance for such common systems as the Ising model.