Determining an adequate probe separation for estimating the arrival rate in an M/D/1 queue using single-packet probing

We present a technique to estimate the arrival rate from delay measurements, acquired using single-packet probing. With practical applications in mind, we investigate a lower bound on the value of probe separation, to obtain a satisfactory estimate in a fixed amount of time. This leads to a problem: how long does it take for an M/D/1 queue to converge to its steady state as a function of the load? We examine this problem using three independent approaches: the time until the autocovariance of the transient workload process becomes negligible; the time it takes for the first transient moment of the workload process to get close to its stationary limit; and the convergence rate of the transient workload distribution to stationarity. These approaches yield different, yet strikingly similar results. We conclude with a recommendation for the probe separation threshold, and a practical approach to obtaining an arrival rate estimate using single-packet probing.     

Further elaboration of the Learning Through Activity research program

This article was prompted by the thoughtful commentaries of Norton, Tzur, and Dreyfus. Their commentaries pointed out important ideas that were left implicit or only partially explained. The clarifications made here include how the Learning Through Activity (LTA) research program differs from related research programs, the relation of the LTA theoretical framework to scheme theory, our choice to not employ the construct of perturbation in explaining learning, and the structure of hypothetical learning trajectories. In addition, I discuss a type of mathematical concept that we have not discussed previously.     

Tank segmentation of infrared images with complex background for the homing anti-tank missile

In an effort to achieve fast and effective tank segmentation of infrared images under complex background for the homing anti-tank missile, the threshold of the maximum between-class variance method (i.e., the Otsu method) is experimentally analyzed, and the working mechanism of the Otsu method is revealed. Subsequently, a fast and effective method for tank segmentation under complex background is proposed based on the Otsu method by constraining the image background pixels and gray levels. Firstly, with the prior information of the tank, derive the equation to calculate the number of pixels of tank according to optical imaging principle, and then use the calculated tank size to constrain the image background pixels. Secondly, employ the golden section to restrict the background gray levels. Finally, use the Otsu method to implement the segmentation of the tank. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can get as an ideal result as the manual segmentation with less running time.     

解高维热传导方程的一族高精度的显式差分格式

本文构造出针对三维和四维热传导方程的一族高精度的显格式,其截断误差阶达到Ｏ（τ＾２＋ｈ＾４）,并给出了稳定性条件,通过数值实例,验证了此方法较周顺兴（１９８０年）的结果提高二位以上有效数字。     

Active control schemes for aseismic base-isolated structures

Summary  Active control schemes are used for the protection of base-isolated and seismically excited buildings. The desired control objective is to keep the whole structure arbitrarily close to its initial configuration prior to the earthquake. The proposed methods require control force application only at the base of the structure. The controllers developed may depend on information obtained from all the floors or just the first (base) floor alone. Received 13 September 2000; accepted for publication 26 June 2001 RID=" ID=" Dedicated to the memory of Professor P.D. Panagiotopoulos with our warmest prayers. RID=" ID=" The first author wishes to thank Prof. G. Leitmann and Prof. E. Papadopoulos for the numerous helpful discussions. The same author is supported in part by the Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, NTUA, under the program Archimedes 65/1017.     

Al_2（SO_4）_3／γ－Al_2O_3单层分散状态及其对丁烯齐聚反应活性的

用ＸＲＤ、ＴＧ、热重氨吸附法等手段，测定了Ａｌ_２（ＳＯ_４）_３／γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３中单层分散相与Ａｌ_２（ＳＯ_４）_３担载量之间的关系，测定了表面单层最大分散量一阈值。其与用密置单层模型计算所得值接近，这为Ａｌ_２（ＳＯ_４）_３在γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３上单层分散行为提供了证据，且将该催化剂的表面行为与其对丁烯齐聚反应活性进行了关联。     

外包壳对具有氧化孔径层的圆柱形VCSEL阈值增益的影响

采用矢量场模型,对具有诱人应用前景的圆柱形垂直腔面发射半导体激光器（VCSEL）的模式阈值增益进行了数值模拟;为减弱金属圆柱的反射以使理论计算更接近实际,采用两种方案,将外加金属包壳视为非理想导体,或在此基础上,将金属包壳与激光器主体结构隔开. 从模式的阈值增益与顶Bragg反射镜层周期数的关系方面,与理想金属外包壳情况进行了比较. 结果表明,高阶贝塞耳函数模式的阈值增益变化规律基本相同,而0阶贝塞耳函数模式的阈值增益变化规律相差较大.     

强场下的Li-like氖复合机制X光激光的数值模拟

论述了隧道电离和阈上电离加热过程。并把此二过程加到一个non-LTE平均原子模型,用此模型来研究强场下光致电离类锂氖复合机制X射线激光。计算结果表明,当驱动激光脉冲为100fs、波长为0.248μm、功率密度为2×10¹⁷Wcm^-2,氖气的密度为10^-3gcm^-3时,类锂氖精细结构跃迁3d_5/2→2p_3/2(λ=98Å)的最大增益系数约为100cm^-1,其维持时间约为1.5ps。     

电子诱导脱附研究钨表面O2对N2的置换吸附

实验测量了室温高真空条件下,多晶W表面O2和N2的电子诱导脱附（ESD）阈值能量.O2-W吸附对的ESD能量约为15.5 eV, N2-W吸附对的ESD能量约为13.8 eV.实验结果具有良好的可重复性.利用ESD阈值能量研究了多晶W表面O2对N2的置换吸附过程,表明在一定的时间间隔内,O2可以置换吸附在多晶W表面的N2,且该过程不可逆.对实验结果进行了分析.