聚光型光伏电池冷却热管蒸发端的数值模拟

针对碟式聚光型太阳能光伏电池效率受温度制约的问题,采用两相闭式热虹吸管(重力热管)散热的方式,工质采用水.热管的蒸发端与聚光太阳能电池接触,其温度场对电池性能和热管效率影响显著.通过FLuENT建立了蒸发端底部的数学模型,计算过程中考虑热流密度、蒸汽饱和温度以及充液量对蒸发端性能的影响.计算结果表明,在聚光倍数为140...     

Mixed-mode oscillations and chaos from a simple second-order oscillator under weak periodic perturbation

In this study, we propose a remarkably simple oscillator that exhibits extremely complicated behaviors. The second-order nonautonomous differential equation discussed in this Letter is considered to be one of the simplest dynamics that can produce mixed-mode oscillations (MMOs) and chaos. Our model uses a Bonhoeffer-van der Pol (BVP) oscillator under weak periodic perturbation. The parameter set of the BVP equation is chosen such that a focus and a relaxation oscillation coexist when no perturbation is applied. Under weak periodic perturbation, various types of MMOs and chaos with remarkably complicated waveforms are observed.     

Qualitative analysis and traveling wave solutions for the perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger's equation with Kerr law nonlinearity

In this Letter, we investigate the perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger's equation (NLSE) with Kerr law nonlinearity. All explicit expressions of the bounded traveling wave solutions for the equation are obtained by using the bifurcation method and qualitative theory of dynamical systems. These solutions contain bell-shaped solitary wave solutions, kink-shaped solitary wave solutions and Jacobi elliptic function periodic solutions. Moreover, we point out the region which these periodic wave solutions lie in. We present the relation between the bounded traveling wave solution and the energy level h. We find that these periodic wave solutions tend to the corresponding solitary wave solutions as h increases or decreases. Finally, for some special selections of the energy level h, it is shown that the exact periodic solutions evolute into solitary wave solution.     

Structures, stabilities and electronic properties of FePbn (n=1-14) clusters: Density-functional theory investigations

The structures, stabilities and electronic properties of FePb_n (n=1-14) clusters have been studied using the density-functional theory (DFT). Extensive search of the ground-state structures has been carried out by considering a larger number of structural isomers for each cluster size. The Fe atom gradually falls into the interior of the Pb framework as the number of Pb atom increases from 1 to 14. The FePb_n clusters at n=3, 5, 10, 12 have relatively higher stability by analyzing the averaged binding energy and the second-order energy difference. Especially, FePb₁₂ is more stable, owing to its highest symmetrical icosahedron structure. The magnetic moments of FePb_n clusters do not quench when Fe atom is encapsulated in the Pb framework and mostly originate from 3d state of Fe atom.     

一种多棱镜组合设计优化图像干涉性能的新方法

为了在不影响干涉条纹成像质量的基础上通过增大双折射棱镜结构角的方法获得更细致的光谱成分,优化设计了双折射棱镜的结构.通过计算分束角与结构角之间的函数关系,分析得知在传统双折射棱镜后附加一个与第二个楔形同性质的等腰三角形棱镜,使出射棱镜的o光和e光平行于光轴,即分束角α为0°,从而干涉条纹的成像不再受分束角的变化所影响....     

居里夫人-放射化学的奠基人——为纪念居里夫人获得诺贝尔化学奖100周年及2011"国际化学年"而作

居里夫人是唯一一位两度获得诺贝尔奖的女性科学家.她关于镭和钋的发现与研究开创了放射化学和核物理研究领域,对后世的科学发展起到了奠基作用.尤其是,居里夫人提出了"放射性"概念并依据"放射性是原子特性"的线索发现了新放射性元素钋和镭,证实了她关于"放射性是原子的一种特性并能够作为一种寻找新元素的方法"的假说.依据这个假说她...     

基于p-FTIR和p-XRF测试组合的大汶口文化蛇纹石质玉器无损检测及产地溯源分析

出土玉器溯源是探索华夏玉器文明起源与演化的关键所在,无损测试技术的进步推动了学术界对出土玉器产地溯源的研究,但至今为止,无损技术仍然是制约出土玉器溯源研究的瓶颈所在。利用便携红外光谱（portable Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,p-FTIR, 带漫反射附件）+ 便携X射线荧光光谱（portable X-ray flourescence, p-XRF）技术组合对山东省文物与考古研究院发掘的大汶口文化出土蛇纹石质玉器的物相和化学组成进行了无损测试以及出土玉器产地溯源的探索。测试结果显示,大汶口文化的蛇纹石玉存在两种成因类型,其中7件玉器（M1005:3,M1006:4,M1013:12,M20:30,M11,T333:2B①：2,M49:04）属于超基性岩型,Fe,Cr和Ni含量较高,含较多磁铁矿包体,磁性较强,Cr/Ni值小于1且多数小于0.7,与现代泰山玉的产地特征基本一致,最大可能就地取材于附近的泰山山麓,为泰山玉的使用时间提前到5500年前的大汶口文化时期提供了重要的科学依据。另外4件玉器（M2004:1、B型环、M25：26、M26）具有低Fe,Cr和Ni含量,为富镁碳酸盐接触交代变质类型,其来源有待进一步研究确认。上述研究结果确认p-FTIR和p-XRF结合能够实现对考古现场及馆藏多数未知玉器材料的快速鉴定,具有无需制样、矿物类型和元素组成可相互验证、无荧光干扰等优点,对部分特定类型的蛇纹石质出土玉器/材料可进行产地来源分析,是一种有优势的出土玉器无损测试技术组合。     

黄海水体生物发光所致离水辐亮度变化及其与固有光学性质和深度的联系

利用黄海不同季节实测生物发光数据,结合同步测量的固有光学性质数据,基于辐射传输模拟,分析了生物发光所致离水辐亮度（L_w-bio）的数值变化和光谱变化,并讨论其与固有光学性质及生物发光所处深度的联系。主要结论如下：（1）黄海水体L_w-bio幅值不仅具有显著的季节变化特征,同时具有显著的空间变化特征,影响其变化的主要因素除水体本身发光生物的丰度和发光能力外,与水体自身固有光学性质和发光生物所处深度有关。（2）在光谱变化方面,L_w-bio最大峰值波长漂移不仅随着生物发光所处深度加深而增大,同时与固有光学性质有关,在固有光学性质其值较大的水体,当生物发光的光源深度位于表层以下,L_w-bio峰值波长可由蓝光波段（474 nm）变为绿光波段（最大可移动至578 nm）;在固有光学性质其值较小的清澈水体中,辐亮度光谱变化较弱,其L_w-bio峰值波长仍在蓝光波段范围内（最大可移动至500 nm）。（3）黄海海域宽泛的固有光学性质对生物发光光源的几何深度反演影响较大,但可通过L_w-bio的光谱信息,反演光源的几何深度。     

Fe(0)/Cu双金属还原与Fenton氧化集成工艺处理印染生化尾水树脂脱附液的研究

通过比较Fe(0)和Fe(0)/Cu还原工艺处理印染生化尾水树脂脱附液的效果,发现Fe(0)/Cu双金属还原对脱附液TOC和UV254去除率均优于Fe(0)。若将Fe(0)/Cu双金属还原与Fenton氧化工艺集成可以进一步提高处理效果。该组合工艺处理后,TOC去除率高达66%,UV254去除率高于90%,脱附液的BOD5/CODcr从低于0.1升高至0.38左右。由此可见,该组合工艺对复合功能树脂碱脱附液具有良好的处理效果,处理后废水的毒性降低,可生化性显著提高,为其返回生物系统进一步生化降解提供了较好的保证。     

Dynamic phase transition in the kinetic Blume--Emery--Griffiths model: Phase diagrams in the temperature and interaction parameters planes

As a continuation of our previously published work, the dynamic phase transitions are studied further, within a mean-field approach, in the kinetic Blume--Emery--Griffiths model in the presence of a time varying (sinusoidal) magnetic field by using the Glauber-type stochastic dynamics. The dynamic phase transitions are obtained and the phase diagrams are constructed in two different planes, namely in the reduced temperature (T) and biquadratic interaction (k) plane and found eight fundamental types of phase diagrams for various values of reduced crystal-field interaction (d) and magnetic field amplitude (h), and in the (T,?d) plane and obtained six distinct topologies for different values of k and h. Phase diagrams exhibit one or two dynamic tricritical points and a dynamic double critical end point, dynamic triple and quadruple points, and besides disordered and ordered phases, three coexistence phase regions exist in which occurring of these strongly depend on the values of d, k and h.