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81.
The three-dimensional (3D) coupled analysis of simply-supported, functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM) circular hollow sandwich cylinders under electro-mechanical loads is presented. The material properties of each FGPM layer are regarded as heterogeneous through the thickness coordinate, and obey an exponent-law dependent on this. The Pagano method is modified to be feasible for the study of FGPM sandwich cylinders. The modifications are as follows: a displacement-based formulation is replaced by a mixed formulation; a set of the complex-valued solutions of the system equations is transferred to the corresponding set of real-valued solutions; a successive approximation method is adopted to approximately transform each FGPM layer into a multilayered piezoelectric one with an equal and small thickness for each layer in comparison with the mid-surface radius, and with the homogeneous material properties determined in an average thickness sense; and a transfer matrix method is developed, so that the general solutions of the system equations can be obtained layer-by-layer, which is significantly less time-consuming than the usual approach. A parametric study is undertaken of the influence of the aspect ratio, open- and closed-circuit surface conditions, and material-property gradient index on the assorted field variables induced in the FGPM sandwich cylinders. 相似文献
82.
Guizhong Xie Jianming ZhangYunqiao Dong Cheng HuangGuangyao Li 《International Journal of Solids and Structures》2014
This paper presents an improved exponential transformation for nearly singular boundary element integrals in elasticity problems. The new transformation is less sensitive to the position of the projection point compared with the original transformation. In our work, the conventional distance function is modified into a new form in the polar coordinate system. Based on the refined distance function, an improved exponential transformation is proposed in the polar coordinate system. Moreover, to perform integrations on irregular elements, an adaptive integration scheme considering both the element shape and the projection point associated with the improved transformation is proposed. Furthermore, when the projection point is located outside the integration element, another nearest point is introduced to subdivide the integration elements into triangular or quadrilateral patches of fine shapes. Numerical examples are presented to verify the proposed method. Results demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of our method. 相似文献
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The Liénard equation is of a high importance from both mathematical and physical points of view. However a question about integrability of this equation has not been completely answered yet. Here we provide a new criterion for integrability of the Liénard equation using an approach based on nonlocal transformations. We also obtain some of the previously known criteria for integrability of the Liénard equation as a straightforward consequence of our approach’s application. We illustrate our results by several new examples of integrable Liénard equations. 相似文献
87.
The structure and the depth of the center of a continuous map of a dendrite with a closed countable set of branch points of a finite order are studied. It is proved that the center of that map coincides with the closure of the set of periodic points. It is shown also that for an arbitrary natural number n S 2 there are the dendrite X n with a closed countable set of branch points of a finite order and the continuous map f n : X n M X n with n as the depth of the center. 相似文献
88.
Kioumars Aghapoor Hossein Reza Darabi Kourosh Tabar-Heydar 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(5):1183-1187
On the benzyl system, bearing various functional groups, have been carried out the Willgerodt-Kindler reaction to obtain thiobenzmorpholide ( 1 ). The reactions, under solvent-free conditions, were performed in both classical (reflux, room temperature) and nonclassical (microwave) conditions to attempt our elucidation of the reactions pathways. Unlike benzylamine and benzyl mercaptan, benzyl halides give poor result due to the type of amine. The experimental results suggest that the proposed reaction pathway involves the oxidation coupling of benzylic substrates, followed by a thiolation step and an attack of the amine on the thiolated product to give ( 1 ). 相似文献
89.
The in situ ligand 2,3-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid (2,3-H2pzdc) mixed with 1,1′-(1,4-butanediyl)bis(benzimidazole) (bbbi) is used to form two coordination polymers ([Cd(2,3-pzdc)(bbbi)] (1) and [Cd2Cl3(2-pzc)(bbbi)2] (2)) under hydrothermal conditions. Complex 1 was obtained in the absence of in situ reaction and 2 was synthesized with 2,3-H2pzdc in situ generating 2-pyrazinecarboxylate (2-pzc?). The structural details reveal that 1 has a 3D framework with dia topology, and 2 is a 2D layer structure and develops a 3D supramolecular structure via strong π?π stacking interactions. The ligand effects were compared for the two frameworks. In addition, fluorescence properties and thermal stabilities of 1 and 2 in the solid were studied. 相似文献
90.