基于改进NAS-RIF的三维显微图像盲复原

对二维NAS-RIF算法进行了改进,并将它用于三维显微图像复原,分别用模拟样本和真实生物样本进行了实验。针对原算法对噪声有放大作用,提出了基于中值滤波去噪的改进。在支持域的确定、最小点的搜索上进行改进,提高复原质量。改进了原算法仅适用于均匀背景的不足,扩大了应用范围。实验结果表明,该算法在三维显微图像盲复原中具有较好的效果。     

适用于圆筒形增益区的同轴四镜腔的失调分析

采用矩阵光学方法,对适用于可见光的圆筒形增益区同轴四镜腔中的腔镜因倾斜而产生的失调特性进行了分析,给出了相关计算公式。该四镜腔由同轴的一个复曲面全反镜和两个光学玻璃加工的透镜和一个平面输出镜组成。以He-Ne激光器为例,给出了数值计算结果,关键元件复曲面镜的失调对输出的影响较大。这为腔元件的加工以及腔镜的安装调试提供了参考。     

基于双阈值视觉注意模型的图像关注焦点检测

图像关注焦点（FOA）检测是基于人眼视觉关注模型的图像感兴趣区提取的关键技术。为了更加精确、合理地搜索图像关注焦点,提出一种基于双阈值视觉关注模型的FOA检测算法。算法首先提取图像的亮度、颜色、方向和离散矩变换（DMT）特征,生成各个特征对应的特征图;然后将各特征图合并为一张包含多种特征的显著图;最后根据显著图的灰度直方图建立静态阈值与动态阈值,确定图像关注焦点的位置与数量。实验结果表明：新算法在图像关注焦点检测的准确性上较Itti模型有更为优秀的表现,更符合人眼视觉的关注习惯。     

UHPLC-DAD Characterization of Origanum vulgare L. from Atacama Desert Andean Region and Antioxidant,Antibacterial and Enzyme Inhibition Activities

The Lamiaceae family is an important source of species among medicinal plants highly valued for their biological properties and numerous uses in folk medicine. Origanum is one of the main genera that belong to this family. The purpose of the study was to determine the phenolic composition of the Origanum vulgare extract and evaluate the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and inhibitory activities of this species that grows in the Andean region of the Atacama Desert. High-performance liquid chromatography was performed to determine the main phenols. Rosmarinic acid was identified as the predominant phenolic compound in this species (76.01 mg/100 g DW), followed by protocatechuic acid, which to our knowledge, no previous study reported similar concentrations in O. vulgare. The oregano extract exhibited a content of total phenolic (3948 mg GAE/100 g DW) and total flavonoid (593 mg QE/100 g DW) with a higher DPPH antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 40.58 µg/mL), compared to the same species grown under other conditions. Furthermore, it was found to inhibit α-glucosidase activity with an IC₅₀ value (7.11 mg/mL) lower than acarbose (129.32 mg/mL). Pseudomonas syringae and Pantoea agglomerans (both MIC 0.313 mg/mL and MBC 1.25 mg/mL) were the bacteria most susceptible to oregano extract with the lowest concentration necessary to inhibit bacterial growth. These results open the door for the potential use of this plant to manage chronic diseases, and they expand the knowledge of the species cultivated in arid environmental conditions.     

不同部位人体气味的分析研究

运用SPME-GC/MS法对同一个体腋窝部、手部和足部的人体气味样品进行了采样分析,通过比较3个部位人体气味样品色谱图中共有成分相对峰面积比和非共有成分,结合使用相似度法对3个部位的人体气味进行了比较分析,三者具有较高的相似度,但仍存在一些细微的差别。     

A characteristic CH band in VCD of methyl glycosidic carbohydrates

Novel vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) studies in the CH region of a series of methyl glycosidic carbohydrates were examined. The specific CH stretching VCD band predicts absolute stereochemistries of their anomeric positions. The C-1 chiral information was extracted to the methoxy substituent as a probe. The concept of the vibrational chirality probe from a single chiral center in the presence of numerous such centers might be useful in determining the absolute configuration, when a multiplicity of chiral centers is present in a molecule such as a carbohydrate.     

Energy transfer rates and impact sensitivities of two classes nitramine explosives molecules

Some explosives are stable molecules with large energy barriers to chemical reaction, and in shock or impact initiation, a sizable amount of phonon energy must be converted to the molecular internal higher vibrations by multiphonon up pumping. To investigate the relationship between impact sensitivities and energy transfer rates, the number of doorway modes of explosive molecules is estimated by a simple theory in which the rate is proportional to the number of normal mode vibrations. We evaluated frequencies of normal mode vibrations of 13 explosive molecules which are CHNO nitramine-contained and have not been analyzed previously. The number of doorway modes in the regions of 200–700 cm⁻¹ was evaluated by the direct counting method. For more clear investigation of the relationship we have classified these 13 nitramine explosive molecules, by the number of nitramine group they contained, into two groups. There are eight molecules that contained one nitramine group and five molecules that contained poly-nitramine groups. It is found that the number of doorway modes shows a linearly correlation to the impact sensitivities derived from drop hammer tests. This result is in agreement with that of several previous works. Besides, it is also noted in our study that in those nitramine explosives molecules with similar molecular structure (similar number nitramine group they contained) and similar molecular weight, the correlation between the sensitivity and the number of doorway modes is higher. We found that the vibrational frequency of ω corresponds to nitro group motions of every molecule is contributed to the number of doorway modes in the regions of 200–700 cm⁻¹.     

On the apparent molar volumes of nonelectrolytes in water

Apparent molar volumes of aqueous solutions of argon and xenon have been calculated using a previously developed comprehensive equation of state for nonelectrolyte systems. The equation consists of a virial expansion truncated after the fourth virial coefficient and a closed-form term approximating higher coefficients. Mixing rules are based on the composition dependence of virial coefficients, which is known from statistical mechanics. The equation accurately represents vapor-liquid and gas-gas equilibria for the Ar+H₂O and Xe+H₂O systems over wide ranges of pressure and temperature using two binary parameters. With the binary parameters determined from phase equilibrium data, the equation accurately predicts apparent molar volumes V in the near-critical and far-from-critical regions. Apart from reproducing experimental V data, the equation reveals remarkable maxima of V as a function of pressure and temperature in the near-critical region. The implications of this equation with respect to the Ar–H₂O potential are discussed via the second virial coefficient.     

Quantitative Analysis and Differential Evaluation of Radix Bupleuri Cultivated in Different Regions Based on HPLC-MS and GC-MS Combined with Multivariate Statistical Analysis

The quality of Radix Bupleuri is greatly affected by its growing environment. In this study, Radix Bupleuri samples that were harvested from seven different regions across northwest China were examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) to reveal significant differences in quality contributed by the cultivation region. An HPLC-MS method was firstly established and used in the multiple reaction monitoring mode for the quantitative analysis of five saikosaponins in Radix Bupleuri so as to evaluate the difference in the absolute content of saikosaponins attributable to the cultivation region. The effect on the components of Radix Bupleuri was further investigated based on the profiles of the representative saponins and volatile compounds, which were extracted from the Radix Bupleuri samples and analyzed by HPLC-MS and GC-MS. Multivariate statistical analysis was employed to differentiate the Radix Bupleuri samples cultivated in different regions and to discover the differential compositions. The developed quantitative method was validated to be accurate, stable, sensitive, and repeatable for the determination of five saikosaponins. Further statistical tests revealed that the collected Radix Bupleuri samples were distinctly different from each other in terms of both saponins and volatile compounds, based on the provinces where they were grown. In addition, twenty-eight saponins and fifty-eight volatile compounds were identified as the differentially accumulated compositions that contributed to the discrimination of the Radix Bupleuri samples. The Radix Bupleuri samples grown in Shouyang county showed the highest content of saikosaponins. All of the results indicated that the cultivation region significantly affected the accumulation and diversity of the main chemical components of Radix Bupleuri. The findings of this research provide insights into the effect of the cultivation region on the quality of Radix Bupleuri and the differentiation of Radix Bupleuri cultivated in different regions based on the use of HPLC-MS and GC-MS combined with multivariate statistical analysis.     

电解质和pH值对毒死蜱微乳液透明温度范围的影响

研究了电解质和pH值对毒死蜱微乳剂透明温度范围的影响,表面活性剂采用特殊苯乙基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚和十二烷基苯磺酸钙(DBSCa)(质量比为3:7)复合物,质量分数75%毒死蜱二甲苯溶液为油相。研究结果表明,电解质的加入对表面活性剂作用的微乳剂透明温度范围均有显著影响,使上限温度明显下降;随阳离子电解质质量分数增加,上限温度下降;随阴离子电解质价数增加,上限温度先略增加后下降。电解质及其价数对下限温度影响均不大。弱酸性介质有利于扩大体系的透明温度范围,使上限温度达到最大值;而强酸性和强碱性介质,均使体系的上限温度下降。体系下限温度随pH值的增加缓慢升高。