阴离子-π复合物(I-·C6F6)的成键分析

最近Anst?ter, et al. 发表了对阴离子-π复合物(I^-·C₆F₆)的第一个定量谱学测量[J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 6132 (2019)],认为成键作用中相关作用占41%,静电作用占23%,得出相关作用占主导的结论. 本研究表明,该文献的“静电作用”中混入了Pauli排斥作用,后者在数值上抵消了前者的作用. 在复合物I^-·C₆F₆中,发现静电作用是相关作用的两倍多,因而阴离子-π复合物中仍应是静电作用占主导.     

方向导数的定义及其在最速下降法中的应用

本文从基础理论拓展到实践,从方向导数讲到最速下降法,意在培养学生利用理论知识解决实际问题的能力.     

QUANTIFICATION OF SHEAR DAMAGE EVOLUTION IN ALUMINIUM ALLOY 2024T3

Shear damage may occur in the process of metal machining such as blanking and cutting, where localized shear deformation is developed. Experimental findings indicate that microscopic shear damage evolution in aluminium alloy 2024T3 (A1 2024T3) is a multi-stage mechanism, including particle cracking, micro-shear banding, matrix microcracking and coalescence of microcracks. This study is an attempt to use a set of equations to describe the multi-stage shear damage evolution in Al 2024T3. The shear damage variables in terms of multi-couple parameters of a power-law hardening material have been defined. An evolution curve of shearing damage has been calculated from experimental data. The values of the shear damage variable at different stages of damage have also been calculated. By making use of the findings, the relation between the microscopic shear damage evolution and the macroscopic shear response of the material has been discussed.     

安装方向对角接触球轴承保持架动态特性的影响

利用二次开发后的有限元软件MSC Patran/Ls-dyna实现角接触球轴承的参数化建模与动态性能分析.通过与试验以及文献结果进行对比,验证了建立的有限元模型的正确性及仿真结果的可靠性.在此基础上研究了角接触球轴承不同安装方向对保持架动态特性的影响.结果表明：由于重力作用,保持架水平安装较竖直安装时更易形成圆形的质心轨迹.低速工况下,保持架竖直安装时最大应力发生在过梁位置,水平安装时最大应力发生在侧梁位置.高速工况下,保持架在两种安装方向的最大应力均发生在过梁位置.不同转速下保持架在轴承竖直安装时最大应力值均更大.     

CH4-nFn(n=1～3)与CH3氢抽提反应微观动力学的理论研究

采用量子化学的QCISD(T)/6-311 G(d,p)//BHandHLYP/6-311G(d,p)方法研究了氟代甲烷CH4-nFn(n=1~3)与CH3自由基氢抽提反应的微观动力学性质.并利用Polyrate程序分别计算了3个反应在200~3000K范围内的速率常数.计算结果表明,R1a,R2a和R3三个反应路径的反应能量分别为-12.7,-9.5和11.8kJ/mol,相应的能垒依次为67.0,62.2和67.5kJ/mol.在437K时,kCVT/SCT分别为6.72×10-19,8.01×10-18和8.82×10-20cm3/(molecule.s).计算结果还表明,在低温段反应的量子隧道效应显著,在计算温度范围内变分效应对反应速率常数的影响可以忽略.     

Lewis酸碱的电势-pH图

根据广义氧化还原理论,绘出Lew is酸碱的电势-pH图,使Lew is酸碱的性质直观地在图中反映出来,便于判断他们的稳定性、氧化还原性强弱和反应方向等。     

Fe／ZrO_2气凝胶超细粒子催化剂的制备、表征及F－T反应性能的研究

用超临界流体干燥法制备出大孔高比表面高分散态Ｆｅ／ＺｒＯ_２气凝胶超细粒子催化剂，研究了在其制备过程中织构性质、颗粒大小、体相和表面结构的变化，并与普通浸渍法制备的Ｆｅ／ＺｒＯ_２催化剂作了对比。对几种Ｆｅ／ＺｒＯ_２催化剂的Ｆ－Ｔ反应性能考察表明，Ｆｅ／ＺｅＯ_２气凝胶超细催化剂显示出高的反应活性；随载体ＺｒＯ_２颗粒尺寸减小，活性组分铁的分散度变大，其颗粒尺寸变小，催化剂比表面积增大，反应活性增大，甲烷和低碳烃生成量增加，重质组分减少，认为产物烃分布主要受催化剂活性相颗粒尺寸效应制约。     

Water transfer characteristics in the vertical direction during methane hydrate formation and dissociation processes inside non-saturated media

In order to study water transfer characteristics inside non-saturated media during methane hydrate formation and dissociation processes, water changes on the top, middle and bottom locations of experimental media during the reaction processes were continuously followed with a novel apparatus with three pF-meter sensors. Coarse sand, fine sand and loess were chosen as experimental media. It was experimentally observed that methane hydrate was easier formed inside coarse sand and fine sand than inside loess. Methane hydrate formation configuration and water transfer characteristics during methane hydrate formation processes were very different among the different non-saturated media, which were important for understanding methane hydrate formation and dissociation mechanism inside sediments in nature.     

持久性有机污染物

2001年5月22日签署的《斯德哥尔摩国际公约》中首批提出了12种持久性有机污染物。本文浅述了它们的物化性质、生物毒性、研究现状等,具体讨论了这些持久性有机污染物的特点,为今后监测和分析作准备。     

2011年度《理化检验-化学分册》征订启事

《理化检验-化学分册》杂志创刊于1963年,系上海材料研究所与机械工程学会理化检验分会联合主办的技术类刊物。主要报道材料的化学分析与仪器分析专业领域中的新方法、新技术、新设备以及国内外的研究方向。面向生产、注